[in Japanese]

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Adult European tarnished plant bugs, Lygus rugulipennis Poppius, were released on the leaves ofRumex obtusifolius dipped in insecticide. Bug mortality at 24 or 48 hours after release was higherfrom organophosphates than pyrethroids. Among the organophosphates tested, cyanophos (CYAP) and fenthion (MPP) were the most effective, followed by fenitrothion (MEP) and phenthoate (PAP).When adult bugs were released onto the leaves and/or pods of the adzuki bean, Vigna angularis, afterspraying with CYAP or MPP in the field, the mortality of bugs was high 0.3 days after spraying, decreasing within 2 days for both insecticides.

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We surveyed appearance of the silver Y moth, Autographa gamma, using light and sex-pheromone traps from August 23 to September 24, 1998 at 5 points in Primorye, Russia. Among the many moths caught by light traps, 4 silver Y moths were caught only in Vladivostok. Sex-pheromone traps caught 3 Macdunnoughia crassisigna moths but no silver Y moths. We discuss silver Y moth appearance in this area based on these results.

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[in Japanese]

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Supercooling points (SCPs) of female adults and mature larvae of the black vine weevil, Otiorhychus sulcatus Fabricius, were measured. Mean SCP of female adults was at-9.2°C, ranging from-4.0 to-17.0°C. Although adults having a SCP of-4.0 to-6.0°Crecovered after freezing, those at below-7.0°C did not recover. When adults having a SCP of-4.0 to-6.0°C, -7.0 to-10.0°C, or-12.0 to-17.0°C, were heated in hot water (90-95°C) for 3 min, thier mean SCP became to be-13.6°C, ranging from-11.0 to-17.0°C. They were shown to have an ice nucleating material in the body. The percentage of adults having high SCPs at-4.0 to-10.0°C numbered 76.9%. The mean SCP of mature larvae was-15.9°C, ranging from-12.5 to-19.5°C. Larvae frozen did not recover. These results indicate that tolerance to freezing in adults is weaker than that in larvae.

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Attraction to food plants of female adults of the black vine weevil, Otiorhychus sulcatus (Fabricius), was observed by Y-tube olfactometer. Significantly more adult weevils were attracted to carrot roots (Daucus carota L. sativus Hoffm), leaves of grape (Vitis labrusca L.) and polygonum (Polygonum longisetum L.) than to the blank of water. They were not, however, similarly attracted to the leaves of strawberries (Fragaria×ananassa Duchesne), roses (Rose sp.), tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), or plantain (Plantago asiatica L.), nor to 1 mg of cis-3-hexenol.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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Lavoratory tests were conducted to evaluate the toxic effect of the four foliar spray insecticides, Bacillus thuringiensis preparation (BT), chlorfluazuron, phenthoate (PAP), and ethophenprox against three species of carabid beetle adults, Amara (Amara) chalcites, Poecilus planicollis, and Anisodactylus signatus. Young roots of the Japanese radish, Raphanus sativus, were dipped for 10 seconds in an aqueous insecticide solution. Ten adult beetles were kept in a large glass petri dish containing a young radish root, with the following results:(1) Bt and chlorfluazuron showed no insecticidal activity in any species.(2) Ethophenprox showed a strong knockdown effect in all species.(3) PAP showed no insecticidal activity toward P. planicollis or A. signatus but induced 100% mortality in A. chalcites.(4) In the test for A. chalcites adults, severe damage was observed to the young roots of the radish. No injury was observed from P. planicollis and A. signatus. These results suggest that A. chalcites is the only species damaging radish roots.

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Feeding scars on the Japanese radish, Raphanus sativus, caused by Amara (Amara) chalcites, Phyllotreta striolata, and Delia platura deteriorate the vegetable's economic value. I studied the geographycal incidence of these pests on the Japanese radish at 8 leading production regions in Hokkaido.(1) Fields with about 60 % damage due to A. chalcites adults were found in southern Hokkaido, where the radish is cultivated mainly in plastictunnels. Fields with 11-26% damage were found in central and eastern Hokkaido, where the radish is cultivated mainly by mulching. Plant injury by A. chalcites peaked from mid May to late June.(2) The percentage of the radish damaged by P. striolata larvae was 2.3 or less in most regions because insecticide granules were applied to control this pest.(3) The percentages of the radish damaged by D. platura larvae varied with the regions from 0.2 to 13%, indicating that damage by D. platura larvae increased from July.

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[in Japanese]

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Insecticide susceptibility was studied in the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, collected from potatos in Kunneppu, Abashiri, Hokkaido in 1995-1999. In 1999, the effect of several pyrethroid insecticides was found to be drastically lower than in preceding years. The compromised effect of pyrethroids was also observed in cotton aphids collected from 4 of 7 other localities in Abashiri in 1999. In the same year, the cotton aphid began increasing in number several days after pyrethroid was sprayed in potato field in Kunneppu, possibly due to the elimination of natural enemies.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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Symptoms included plant stunting and wilt, curling of leaves, and delays in flower bud appearance. The nematode was identified as Heterodera trifolii Goffart based on morphological characters, host plants, and the absence of males. Soil samples of greenhouse carnation were collected from 51 sites and 49 sites of white clover near the greenhouse. H. trifolii larvae were detected at 5 (9. 8%) carnation sites and at 11 (22. 5 %) white clover sites. The infection source was judged to be the native white clover population. Carnation cultivars were divided roughly into 3 types based on the relationship between the degree of reduced growth and larval densities in soil.

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I surveyed the geographical distribution of the clover cyst nematode, Heterodera trifolii, on white clover in Hokkaido. White clover soil samples were collected from 69 sites, mainly pastures. Nematodes were extracted by standard Baermann funnel from 25 g of soil. H. trifolii larvae were found at 51% of 69 sites, averaging 9.8 (range: 0.5 to 64). Pratylenchus spp. were found at 81 % of 69 sites, with anaveraging 19.8 (range: 0.5 to 115). Meloydogyne hapla was found only at 3 sites. This survey indicates that H. trifolii and Pratylenchus spp. were widely distributed throughout Hokkaido.

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