1) The present article deals with the moss vegetation around the typical wind-holes in Tohoku district of Japan.

  2) Around the wind-hole that locates less than 500 m above sea level and with a little accumulation of humus, there grow the communities of Calliergonella schreberi, Hylocomium splendens, Pleuroziopsis ruthenica, Bryhnia hultenii, Polytrichum juniperinum var. gracilius, etc.

  3) At the place about 1000 m above sea level, where conifers are growing thick, the communities of Sphagnum girgensohnii, Hylocomium himalayanum, H. splendens, Pleuroziopsis ruthenica, Calliergonella schreberi Pogonatum japonicum, etc. are found.

  4) The development of the moss communities mentioned above seems to be mainly caused by low temperature and high humidity peculiar to the wind-hole.

  Hattoria yakushimensis (HORIK.) SCHUST. was found on Mt. Gozaisho, honshu, Japan. Mt. Gozaisho is the third and northernmost locality of this species, where it grows on wet cliff of granite at ca. 1150m in altitude (whereas it is epiphytic in the previously known localities).

  The protonemata of Nipponolejeunea pilifera (STEPH.) HATT. and N. subalpina (HORIK.) HATT. are depressed dorsiventral ellipsoid, composed of 20-30 cells within each exospore.

1. The shoots which produced sporophytes in spring died in summer, but new shoots sprang from old stems before their death. These new shoots are sterile. Almost all of them also died in summer in Funaria hygrometrica, while in Physcomitrium they lived on.

2. New shoots of Funaria hygrometrica appeared in autumn on the protonemata which developed from spores matured in early summer or from old stems which had survived summer. In Physcomitrium, however, reproductive organs were seen in autumn on the shoots which had lived through summer.

3. New shoots of three species, Funaria hygrometrica, Physcomitrium sphaericum and P. japonicum, came out successively almost throughout the year, but the developing of the reproductive organs and fertilization were observed only during a definite season. The spores of F. hygrometrica and P. japonicum matured only once from late spring to early summer, while those of P. sphaericum matured two to three times a year.