Symmetrical methineoxonol dyes were obtained from 1, 2-diaryl-3, 5--dinoxopyrazolidines and orthoformate usingsuch addittional agents as had H atoms being able to separate as protons.
Merocarbocyanine dyes were obtained from quarternary salts of heterocyclic amines havihg reactive methyl grops and symmetrical methneoxonol dyes produced from the above mentioned pyrazolidine conpounds or the other heterocyclic diketomethylene compounds. The same dyes were obtained similarly from the quarternary salts, diketomethlene compounds and orthoformete when they were heated together. But it was found that heterocyclic rnonoketomethylene compounds and iminoketomethlene compounds did not undergo such reactions and cyanoacetate or acetoacetate took parts in these reactions as only additional agents.
Symmetrical oxonol dyes were obtained from the above pyrazolidine compounds and formamide, and anilidomethylene compounds were obtained from the pyrazolidinnes and formanlilde.
Several anilidomethylene or hydrazinodimethylene compounds were prepared when the pyrazolidine were reacted with orthoformate and aromatic amines, phenylhydrazine or diphenylhydrazine together, but in a # case of rea-ctiou between a quarternary salt mentioned above, orthoformate and phenyl-hydrazine, the product was not hydrazinodivinyl compound but anilidovinyl comround, and in a case of diphenylhydrazine, the product was hydrazinodivinyl compound. These hydrazinodimethylene or hydrazinodivinyl compounds were prepared too by heating the hydrazines and acetoanllidomethylene or acetoanililovinyl compounds in boiling pyridine, And it was found that amines such as taking, amino-imino tautomer like 2-aminothiazole derivatives gave no anilidomothylene compounds.
Unsymmetrical methineoxonol dyes were produced from heterocyclic ketomethylene compounds and various 4-acetoanilidomethylene or 4, 4'-hydrazinodimethylene-3, 3', 5, 5'-tetraoxopyrazolidines or Na salts of some formyl compounds, and benzal compounds wete obtained form aromatic aldehydes and the above mentioned 3, 5-dioxopyrazolidines.

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Grains of gaslight, chlorobromide or bromide emulsions which are used for printing papers, lantern slides or photo-copying films, are very fine and cannot be resolved with optical microscope, and the application of electron-microscope is inevitable to determine the size distribution of these emulsions.
The size determination by electron-micrograph is applicable for very wide range of grains from Lipp mann plate to highspeed negativeemulsion habing ratio cf projection area of 1: 10⁵ or more. And troubles and difficulties inherent in the use of electron-microscope were eliminated with suitable methods and adequate cares.
Description of size distribution of so wide range becomes very cumbersome using usual arithmetical size-class, becuse the width of a class must be so adjusted to suit for the mean grain size of the emnlsion to be examined, so it is difficult to compare characteristics of size distributions of those emulsions which differ too much in their grain size.
The use of 1ogaritkmic classification which divides whole radge of 1.00×10^-6μ² (log value=6.0) to 10μ² (log value%1.0)of projection area at intervals of 0.2 in log value to 35 classes (No.1 class is 6.0-6.2, i.e.1.00×10^-6μ²-159×1.0^-6μ²) was proposed in the name of Universal Class-size. It afford the method to classify and descride size distribution of every possible photographic emnlsion on the sameacale and it was shown by some examples that witht his method correlations between photographc properties of an emulsion (e. g. speed or contrast) and the size distribution of it could be stated reasonably.
Examples cited were silver chloride and bromide emulsions which were prepared with polyvinyl alcohol as protective colloid. Discussions were made by comparing these emulsions with ordinary geltin emulsions. Mean values, medians snd standard deviations were also calcalated or estimated from deta obtained.

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