A review of the progress in photography in the year of 1958 ; about cameras, lenses and their accesories, light sources, sensitive materials, theory of photgraphic sensitivity, sensitometry, processing, properties of developed images, enlarging and slide or stereoscopic projections, cinematography, scientific photography, colour photography and televisions.

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The highest accuracy of development will be expected by uniformness and reproducibility of agitation and the constancy of temperature of developing solution. The effect of various styles of rotors upon the agitation was studied and the rotors with spiral stirrrers were proved to be most favourable. The disturbance of agitating condition produced by projected bodies or perforations on treated film strips was also measured. Taking these experi ments into accont, a developing machine for sensitometric work was devised. It showed satisfactory accuracy of development and could be easily operated. Developing solution is agitated by rotors with spiral stirrers and the film or plate are used with the combination of holders so that the strips can be treated separately. Temperature of the developing solution can be controlled with allowance of ±0.1°C.
Other two types of developing machines, one is for the development of doubly coated Xray type films, the other is for the simultaneous development of large number of strips, are also devised. Testing with singly coated films, no difference was fond among these three types of developing machines in results of development.

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It has been well known that it is very difficult to develop and fix of oscillograph paper within about 10 seconds completly.
This paper describes on the research of rapid processing for oscillograph paper with an automatic rapid daylight processing machine. Two kinds of processing machines (cf., fig. 3, 4) for this purpose were made and tested.
Experimental processing formulae with these machines for cardio type oscillograph paper are f ollows:
Rapid developer; water 700 ml., Na₂SO₃ 45g, 1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidone 1.1g, metol 15g, hydroquinone 15g, NaOH 60g. and water to make 1000 ml. Developing time is 2 sec. at 20°C.
Rapid fixer;(NH₄) ₂S₂O₃ concentrated solution (Nissan Rapid Fixer) 200 ml. and water to make 1000 ml. Time of complete fixing takes about 60 sec. at 20°C.
But when some kinds of chlorobromide paper of other purposes are processed in the following solutions, time of processing is very shortened.
Rapid developer; water 700 ml., Na₂SO₃ 30g, 1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidone 0.9g, metol 15g, hydroquinone 15g, NaOH 60g. and water to make 1000 ml. Developing time is 2 sec. at 20°C.
Rapid fixer; same formula as for cardio type is utilized. Time of complete fixing is only 12 sec. at 20°C.
In this research, a chlorobromide paper with a thin emulsion layer was experimentally made, and its processing time was much more shortened as follows. Time of development is 2 sec., and time of complete fixing is only 5 sec. in above formulae.

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When the sulphur sensitized emulsions were applied pressure before exposure, the surface and internal images were always desensitized.
When the sulphur-gold sensitized emulsions were applied pressure, before exposure, the surface image was desensitized, but the internal image was sensitized.
Internal image of undigested emulsions containing the sulphur-gold sensitizer was also desensitized, which was the same result obtained with the non-sensitized emulsions.
In the previous paper, it was reported that when the undigested photographic emulsion containing the small quantity of chemical sensitizer was incubated after the application of pressure, the surface image of pressed layer was preferentially sensitized by following exposure, but the surface image of chemiclly sensitized emulsions digested to its maximum sensitivity was desensitized under the same conditions.
In this paper, it was shown that the surface sensitization of undigested emulsions containing chemical sensitizer by incubation following pressure occured at high and medium intensity, but the surface desensitization occured at low intensity.
Non-sensitized emulsion after the application of pressure was immersed in 0.01% solution of sodium thiosulphate for 15 minutes, and then rinsed in water, dried. Both surfce and internal images of pressed parts of emulsions were more sensitized than those of unpressed parts of emulsions.
This is the same result obtained with incubation of the undigested emulsion containing the small quantities of sodium thiosulphate.

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The aspect ratio (length-width ratio) of pictorial photographs is studied with 8919 samples with regard to the sort of cameras etc. The mean aspect ratio is 1.38. The ratio of the number of horizontal photographs to that of vertical photographs is 2.6 for 32321 samples, but it decreases to 0.77 for the artistic photographs worked out by advanced photographers.

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This paper discusses the considerations relating to structure, material, property, accuracy on the production and application on the one way filter.
In the account of application, we shall treat reflection and transmission control as the typical examples to use one way filter, and describe their principles, chracteristics and experimental discussion.
As the description relates to only fundamental properties to the use one way filter, we shall piont out some of problems to consider for practical applicatitons.

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