Redox-active ionic liquids (RAILs) exhibit high redox density and non-volatility. A low-melting RAIL, [C4VC7][TFSI]2, was developed using asymmetric design and anion selection. Charge-transfer interactions were introduced by mixing with a carbazole-based RAIL, tuning viscosity and redox behavior. A semi-empirical method based on the Nernst–Planck equation was applied to evaluate the apparent diffusion coefficient without supporting electrolytes. An all-in-one electrochromic device using viologen and ferrocene-based RAILs showed clear color change, cycling stability, and oxygen resistance. These results demonstrate the promise of RAILs as functional electrolytes for electrochemical applications.
The properties of electrolytes affect both the mass transport and electrode reactions. The electrochemical stability of reactants is determined by the redox stability of the electrolyte. Accurate interpretation of electrode reaction scheme is essential for understanding reaction kinetics. Thermodynamic and kinetic properties lead to important characteristics in battery development, such as high-energy density and high-power density. This review presents three studies on analysis and analytical methods aimed at improving these properties: the relationship between the redox resistance of electrolyte and its concentration and pH, the measuring method for the local pH in the vicinity of the electrode, and the proposal of analytical method for the steady-state current-potential curve for oxygen reduction reaction.