Review of Polarography
Online ISSN : 1884-7692
Print ISSN : 0034-6691
ISSN-L : 0034-6691
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Volume 61, Issue 2
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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Preface
Review Article
Points, explanatory
  • On the Expression of Extraction Constants without Equilibrium Interfacial Potential Differences
    Yoshihiro Kudo
    2015 Volume 61 Issue 2 Pages 87-92
    Published: September 25, 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 2015
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5189/revpolarography.61.87
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    It is well known that individual distribution constants of both cations and anions into diluents contain the equilibrium interfacial potential difference (Δφeq) in their analytic expressions. In the extraction constant of monovalent metal picrates with crown compounds, however, the Δφeq terms were canceled out each other. Accordingly, the extraction constants were expressed as a traditional form without Δφeq. Such results were reasonably explained by the author using the characteristics of the electrochemical potential and a thermodynamic cycle of the overall extraction system.
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  • Propagation of the Change in Membrane Potential
    —Electrochemical Elucidation of the Nerve Conduction—
    Osamu Shirai, Kenji Kano
    2015 Volume 61 Issue 2 Pages 93-104
    Published: September 25, 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 2015
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5189/revpolarography.61.93
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    There are many unsolved phenomena in the nerve transmission, such as the threshold of the membrane potential to change from resting potential to action potential, the directionality of the nerve conduction, etc. Since it is difficult to measure local membrane potentials of an actual nerve cell, the propagation of a change in the potential difference across a liquid membrane from a potential-sending site to a potential-receiving site along the membrane surface was studied by using a cell system combined with several liquid membrane cells composed of two aqueous phases and 1,2-dichloroethane phases. The change in membrane potential began to be caused by the local circulating current and was gradually propagated to the distant area.
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  • Obscurity in Electroanalytical Chemistry
    Takashi Kakiuchi
    2015 Volume 61 Issue 2 Pages 105-116
    Published: September 25, 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: October 01, 2015
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.5189/revpolarography.61.105
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The criticism to the concept and use of single ion activity raised by de Levie (2010) has been examined. The lack of falsifiability in the concept of single ion activity, which he claims,led him to categorize the single ion activity as one of non-falsifiables, typified by the emperor's new clothes (2012). However, his criticism is overeager, because the single ion activity can be estimated with a reasonable certainty, whose degree varies with a nonthermodynamic assumption employed, though. Electrochemistry is intrinsically nonthermodynamic, although in many of electrochemistry textbooks its cell voltage is correlated with the Gibbs energy of a redox reaction that would proceed in a homogeneous solution between the two redox couples, which are employed in the electrochemical cell. Ironically, such oversimplified understanding or picture of the nature of electrochemical cells partly justifies the criticism raised by de Levie. The obscurity associated with nonthermodynamic nature of electrochemical cells translates to the obscure interpretation of the Nernst equation in the form, E = E0 + (RT/F)ln(aOx/aRd), which has long been applied to a working electrode in electroanalytical chemistry. By focusing on this obscurity, it is possible not only to make our understanding of electroanalytical chemistry clearer but to design an electrochemical cell for less obscure, more reliable estimation of single ion activities.
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