This paper aims to clear the process and results of the large scale excursion, 1907-1942, in China, by the Japanese students of Toa-Dobun-Shoin college in Shanghai.
Toa-Dobun-Shoin college was established in 1901, in Shanghai, China under the age of Qing Dynasty, to educate Japanese students as businessmen to deal with trading works between Japan and China. This college had been managed by Toa-Dobun-Kai, in Tokyo, which had been organized by private foundation just after the war between Japan and Qing's China, 1894-1895.
Toa-Dobun-Shoin college had two main teaching programmes. One was Chinese, and the other was the large scale excursion mainly on foot to research regional features in China and southeastern Asian areas. These excursions were done by the senior students who were organized to 10-15 groups each year. Each group was consisted of two-six students and they could decided their courses freely guided by their guidance professor. Each student had their research programmes and wrote each report and diary through about three monthes, from May to August each year.
Total number of their excursion courses had reached to about 700, and more than 4, 000 students had took part in these excursions, 1907-1942. These courses and their results were the largest scale in the world.
They created a lot of fruits writing their subjects and diaries, from the point of geography, history, sociology, politics, commerce, trade, tax system, financial system, people life and culture, education, rural and urban features and other subjects which gave us totally a lot of regional information of China and southeastern Asian areas in the first half of the twentieth century.
Especially, their diaries give us vivid description and it is possible to rebuilt each area of China and southeastern Asian areas. Fig. 2 shows all kind of money and coin used in each area. It shows the traditional economic regions which last till even today. Fig. 3 shows the teritorries of military cliques in 1923 and 1924, rebuilding by their each discription of diaries. It also shows us the traditional areas in China which also shows the continuity to nowadays in China. Fig. 4 shows the distribution of anti Japanese and anti-foreign movement, which occured just after the May 30th Incident of 1925 in Shanghai. The movement had rapidly diffused all over China in 1925. This means the strong nationalism by Chinese and this nationalism had supported new next unified power, Republic China and Communist China. Fig. 5 shows the distribution of bandits in 1924 and 1925, which had been observed by the students through their excursions. These bandits had been concentrated along border zones between each province. This shows the confused areas in those days of China, and the same situation is also appearing in nowadays China.
We can evaluate these documents written by the students of Toa-Dobun-Shoin college, as quite precious materials showing the regional features of China in those days.

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“United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (CCD)”, which aims at contributing to the achievement of sustainable development in areas experiencing serious drought and/or desertification, particularly in Africa, through effective action at all levels, in particular at community level, entered into force on 26 December, 1996. For promoting a better commitment to this new strategy, research gaps and priorities in the Japanese contribution have been reviewed in the case of the Sudano-Sahelian Region of Tropical Africa, in light of objective of the CCD. Major subjects needing reinforced commitment are; monitoring and assessment at local level, socioeconomic dimensions, support of activities of NGOs and CBOs, local variations both in physical and socioeconomic conditions, coordination of existing and planned projects, climate change and food security, triangular cooperation in relevant indigenous technology and know-how transfer, and training of able experts. A brief mention is made of the importance of contribution from the geographical disciplines.

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On this study, I have investigated the locational characteristics of fashion designing industry which concentrate on Tokyo.
Fashion designing industry has rapidly grown after the latter half of 1980s. Their main business is designing of apparels and fashion goods (bags, shoes, accessories, et al.). Fashion designing enterprises accept orders from apparel makers and boutiques, and propose them some designs. In some cases, fashion designing enterprises also take charge production control and produce apparels and fashion goods.
By their characteristics of business, their locations are limited to the central region of fashion industry such as a part of Shibuya ward and Minato ward on Tokyo where apparel makers and boutiques concentrate. This location is profitable for them not only to accept orders but also to take charge production control.
On Tokyo, apparel and other fashion goods factories are accumulated in Joto area (Eastern Tokyo). They have outstanding productive ability. Fashion designing enterprises connect them with boutiques which do not have productive ability, and produce apparels and fashion goods. Fashion designing industry is dependent on the accumulation of urban industry and commerce.
Some fashion designing enterprises also have made close relationship with local knitting and weaving industrial regions. Each knitting and weaving industrial region has made a original industrial structure and manufacturing techniques, and makes peculiar products. To produce high-fashion apparels, fashion designing enterprises also have made new industrial linkages with local industrial regions.

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Three major N-S trending active structures, the Tobetsu fault and Nakagoya semi-dome, the Shunbetsu anticline, and the Kaigan anticline, from east to west, occur in the Ishikari Hills. Middle to Late Pleistocene terraces are widely distributed overlying these active structures and they are good reference for the late Quaternary tectonic movements. The mean vertical displacement rate of the Tobetsu fault and Nakagoya semi-dome, the Shunbetsu anticline, and the Kaigan anticline are over 0.6 to 0.7mm/year, over 0.4mm/year, and about 0.1mm/yr, respectively. The late Quaternary anticline axes of the Kaigan anticline and the Shunbetsu anticline occur on the eastern side of the Miocene to Lower Pleistocene anticline axes. On the Shunbetsu anticline, the shape of Pliocene to Lower Pleistocene is symmetrical, but their overlying terraces are deformed as asymmetrical folding. This change of deformation pattern occurred during the early Pleistocene to the later middle Pleistocene. Small faults and folds which locate near the axes of the Shunbetsu anticline and Kaigan anticline, and sink the anticline axis side have small displacement rate, and are interpreted to be subsidiary flexural slip faults.

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Suzakihama beach faced to the Ishinomaki Bay is landtied sandspit complex, which connects Miyato Island and Nobiru coast. From the comparison of the old several nautical charts published by the Hydrographic Department of Japan, this paper clarifies the characteristics of geomorphological development of sand beaches.
Suzakihama beach consists of three sand spits which extend from different head points. A sand spit had been extended 2, 800m from Mt. Huro San to Miyato Island for 40 years, between 1901 and 1938. The author infers the rapid geomorphological development of the beach is derived from artificial change of Kitakami river course.

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