Information-Centric or Content-Centric Networking (ICN/CCN) is a promising novel network architecture that naturally integrates in-network caching, multicast, and multipath capabilities, without relying on centralized application-specific servers. Software platforms are vital for researching ICN/CCN; however, existing platforms lack a focus on extensibility and lightweight implementation. In this paper, we introduce a newly developed software platform enabling CCN, named Cefore. In brief, Cefore is lightweight, with the ability to run even on top of a resource-constrained device, but is also easily extensible with arbitrary plugin libraries or external software implementations. For large-scale experiments, a network emulator (Cefore-Emu) and network simulator (Cefore-Sim) have also been developed for this platform. Both Cefore-Emu and Cefore-Sim support hybrid experimental environments that incorporate physical networks into the emulated/simulated networks. In this paper, we describe the design, specification, and usage of Cefore as well as Cefore-Emu and Cefore-Sim. We show performance evaluations of in-network caching and streaming on Cefore-Emu and content fetching on Cefore-Sim, verifying the salient features of the Cefore software platform.

In this paper, we focus on a large-scale ICN (Information-Centric Networking), and reveal the scaling property of ICN. Because of in-network content caching, ICN is a sort of cache networks and expected to be a promising architecture for replacing future Internet. To realize a global-scale (e.g., Internet-scale) ICN, it is crucial to understand the fundamental properties of such large-scale cache networks. However, the scaling property of ICN has not been well understood due to the lack of theoretical foundations and analysis methodologies. For answering research questions regarding the scaling property of ICN, we derive the cache hit probability at each router, the average content delivery delay of each entity, and the average content delivery delay of all entities over a content distribution tree comprised of a single repository (i.e., content provider), multiple routers, and multiple entities (i.e., content consumers). Through several numerical examples, we investigate the effect of the topology and the size of the content distribution tree and the cache size at routers on the average content delivery delay of all entities. Our findings include that the average content delivery delay of ICNs converges to a constant value if the cache size of routers are not small, which implies high scalability of ICNs, and that even when the network size would grow indefinitely, the average content delivery delay is upper-bounded by a constant value if routers in the network are provided with a fair amount of content caches.

Information-Centric Networking (ICN) can offer rich functionalities to the network, e.g, in-network caching, and name-based forwarding. Incremental deployment of ICN is a key challenge that enable smooth migration from current IP network to ICN. We can say that Network Function Virtualization (NFV) must be one of the key technologies to achieve this deployment because of its flexibility to support new network functions. However, when we consider the ICN deployment with NFV, there exist two performance issues, processing delay of name-based forwarding and computational overhead of virtual machine. In this paper we proposed a NFV infrastructure-assisted ICN packet forwarding by integrating the name look-up to the Open vSwitch. The contributions are twofold: 1) First, we provide the novel name look-up scheme that can forward ICN packets without costly longest prefix match searching. 2) Second, we design the ICN packet forwarding scheme that integrates the partial name look-up into the virtualization infrastructure to mitigate computation overhead.

Location-based forwarding is a key driver for location-based services. This paper designs forwarding information data structures for location-based forwarding in Internet Service Provider (ISP) scale networks based on Named Data Networking (NDN). Its important feature is a naming scheme which represents locations by leveraging space-filling curves.

CCN/NDN (Content-Centric Networking/Named-Data Networking) is one of the most promising content-oriented network architectures. In CCN/NDN, forwarding information base (FIB) might have multiple entries for a same content name prefix, which means CCN/NDN potentially supports multi-source download. When a content is obtained from multiple sources, the technical knowledge obtained for congestion control in the current Internet cannot be simply applied. This is because in the current Internet, FIB is restricted to have only one entry for each IP address prefix, which causes quite different path feature from CCN/NDN. This paper proposes a new congestion control for CCN/NDN with multi-source content retrieval. The proposed congestion control is composed of end-to-end window flow control and router assisted Interest forwarding control, and enables transmission rate regulation only on a congested branch.

In this paper, we propose a packet loss detection mechanism called Interest ACKnowledgement (ACK). Interest ACK provides information on the history of successful Interest packet receptions at a repository (i.e., content provider); this information is conveyed to the corresponding entity (i.e., content consumer) via the header of Data packets. Interest ACKs enable the entity to quickly and accurately detect Interest and Data packet losses in the network. We conduct simulations to investigate the effectiveness of Interest ACKs under several scenarios. Our results show that Interest ACKs are effective for improving the adaptability and stability of CCN with window-based flow control and that packet losses at the repository can be reduced by 10%-20%. Moreover, by extending Interest ACK, we propose a lossy link detection mechanism called LLD-IA (Lossy Link Detection with Interest ACKs), which is a mechanism for an entity to estimate the link where the packet was discarded in a network. Also, we show that LLD-IA can effectively detect links where packets were discarded under moderate packet loss ratios through simulation.

The electromagnetic interference (EMI) generated by power electronic converters is largely influenced by parasitic inductances and capacitances of the converter. One of the most popular EMI simulation methods that can take account of the parasitic parameters is the three-dimensional electromagnetic simulation by finite element method (FEM). A noise-source model should be given in the frequency domain in comprehensive FEM simulations. However, the internal impedance of the noise source is static in the frequency domain, whereas the transient switching of a power semiconductor changes its internal resistance in the time domain. In this paper, we propose the use of a voltage-source noise model and a current-source noise model to simulate EMI noise with the two components of voltage-dependent noise and current-dependent noise in the frequency domain. In order to simulate voltage-dependent EMI noise, we model the power semiconductor that is turning on by a voltage source, whose internal impedance is low. The voltage-source noise is proportional to the amplitude of the voltage. In order to simulate current-dependent EMI noise, we model the power semiconductor that is turning off by a current source, whose internal impedance is large. The current-source noise is proportional to the amplitude of the current. The measured and simulated conducted EMI agreed very well.

FPGA-based switches are appealing nowadays due to the balance between hardware performance and software flexibility. Packet parser, as the foundational component of FPGA-based switches, is to identify and extract specific fields used in forwarding decisions, e.g., destination IP address. However, traditional parsers are too rigid to accommodate new protocols. In addition, FPGAs usually have a much lower clock frequency and fewer hardware resources, compared to ASICs. In this paper, we present PLANET, a programmable packet-level parallel parsing architecture for FPGA-based switches, to overcome these two limitations. First, PLANET has flexible programmability of updating parsing algorithms at run-time. Second, PLANET highly exploits parallelism inside packet parsing to compensate FPGA's low clock frequency and reduces resource consumption with one-block recycling design. We implemented PLANET on an FPGA-based switch prototype with well-integrated datacenter protocols. Evaluation results show that our design can parse packets at up to 100 Gbps, as well as maintain a relative low parsing latency and fewer hardware resources than existing proposals.

This paper analyzes the performance of various decoders in a two-user interference channel, and some improved decoders based on enhanced utilization of channel state information at the receiver side are presented. Further, new decoders, namely hierarchical constellation based decoders, are proposed. Simulations show that the improved decoders and the proposed decoders have much better performance than existing decoders. Moreover, the proposed decoders have lower decoding complexity than the traditional maximum likelihood decoder.

A key-order preserving structured overlay network is a class of structured overlay network that preserves, in its structure, the order of keys to support efficient range queries. This paper presents a novel key-order preserving structured overlay network “Suzaku”. Similar to the conventional Chord^#, Suzaku uses a periodically updated finger table as a routing table, but extends its uni-directional finger table to bi-directional, which achieves ⌈log₂ n⌉-1 maximum lookup hops in the converged state. Suzaku introduces active and passive bi-directional finger table update algorithms for node insertion and deletion. This method maintains good lookup performance (lookup hops increase nearly logarithmically against n) even in churn situations. As well as its good performance, the algorithms of Suzaku are simple and easy to implement. This paper describes the principles of Suzaku, followed by simulation evaluations, in which it showed better performance than the conventional networks, Chord^# and Skip Graph.

In this paper, we propose multidimensional stochastic modeling of priority broadcast in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANET). We focus on the channel switching operation of IEEE 1609.4 in systems that handle different types of safety messages, such as event-driven urgent messages and periodic beacon messages. The model considers the constraints imposed by the channel switching operation. The model also reflects differentiated services that handle different types of messages. We carefully consider the delivery time limit and the number of transmissions of the urgent messages. We also consider the hidden node problem, which has an increased impact on broadcast communications. We use the model in analyzing the relationship between system variables and performance metrics of each message type. The analysis results include confirming that the differentiated services work effectively in providing class specific quality of services under moderate traffic loads, and that the repeated transmission of urgent message is a meaningful countermeasure against the hidden node problem. It is also confirmed that the delivery time limit of urgent message is a crucial factor in tuning the channel switching operation.

A Multipath TCP (MPTCP) connection uses multiple subflows (i.e., TCP flows), each of which traverses over a wireless link, enabling throughput and resilience enhancements in mobile wireless networks. However, to achieve the benefits, the subflows are necessarily initialized (i.e., must complete TCP handshakes) and sequentially attached to the MPTCP connection. In the standard (MPTCP_ST), MPTCP initialization raises several problems. First, the TCP handshake of opening subflow is generally associated with a predetermined network. That leads to degraded MPTCP performance when the network does not have the lowest latency among available ones. Second, the first subflow's initialization needs to be successful before the next subflow can commence its attempt to achieve initialization. Therefore, the resilience of multiple paths fails when the first initialization fails. This paper proposes a novel method for MPTCP initialization, namely MPTCP_SD (i.e., MPTCP with SYN duplication), which can solve the problems. MPTCP_SD duplicates the first SYN and attempts to establish TCP handshakes for all subflows simultaneously, hence inherently improves the loss-resiliency. The subflow that achieves initialization first, is selected as the first subflow, consequently solving the first problem. We have implemented and extensively evaluated MPTCP_SD in comparison to MPTCP_ST. In an emulated network, the evaluation results show that MPTCP_SD has better performance that MPTCP_ST with the scenarios of medium and short flows. Moreover, MPTCP_SD outperforms MPTCP_ST in the case that the opening subflow fails. Moreover, a real network evaluation proves that MPTCP_SD efficiently selects the lowest delay network among three ones for the first subflow regardless of the preconfigured default network. Additionally, we propose and implement a security feature for MPTCP_SD, that prevents the malicious subflow from being established by a third party.

This paper investigates data uploading in cellular networks with the consideration of device-to-device (D2D) communications. A generalized data uploading scheme is proposed by leveraging D2D cooperation among the devices to reduce the data uploading time. In this scheme, we extend the conventional schemes on cooperative D2D data uploading for cellular networks to a more general case, which considers D2D cooperation among both the devices with or without uploading data. To motivate D2D cooperation among all available devices, we organize the devices within communication range by offering them rewards to construct multi-hop D2D chains for data uploading. Specifically, we formulate the problem of chain formation among the devices for data uploading as a coalitional game. Based on merge-and-split rules, we develop a coalition formation algorithm to obtain the solution for the formulated coalitional game with convergence on a stable coalitional structure. Finally, extensive numerical results show the effectiveness of our proposed scheme in reducing the average data uploading time.