In this paper, we discuss what the essences of music are, based on an experiment to survey audience's evaluation on musical performances by new interfaces. We composed ten pieces by introducing various types of uncertainty (chance operation), musical score, and instrument, and performed them at a concert where 180 audiences gathered. From the results of inquiry, we concluded that the essences of music include humaneness and structure in addition to melody, rhythm and harmony. Moreover, we founded that subjects with experience of music tend to be hospitable to the evaluation than subjects with no experience of music. They are inclined to put much faith in humaneness when they estimate the worth of beauty, pleasure and likes as well as evaluating whether it is a music or not.
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