A system of multiple intersecting channels or holes is known as flow network, which forms a diamond-shaped column bundle. Flow exiting from this cylinder bundles is characterized by a periodic oscillation, called flip-flop flow phenomenon. A concurrent-flow thin-liquid layer is placed over the intersecting-flow jet to compose a hybrid assembly in the present work. Flow visualization study was performed to investigate the phenomena of two flows; a slit flow and a flip-flop flow placed over it. Experiments were carried out in two different ducts; a duct with X-shaped channels consisting of large diamond-shaped bundles and a duct with small size X-shaped channels in both sides. Flow patterns are disclosed by means of fluorescent dye illuminated with a laser light sheet. The velocity variations in their flow fields are measured using two-dimensional PIV and LDV. This study clarifies the characteristics of velocity variations on the horizontal and vertical sections with different depths of their X-shaped channels.

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The flow visualization in a new mixing equipment with vibratory fins shows that the flow pattern in the vessel at the laminar flow region was symmetrically divided into two distinct regions vertically. The effect of fin configuration on the flow pattern can be observed only around the fin. The numerical simulation of the flow pattern at the laminar flow region agreed well with the visualization results.

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