A 64-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of liver dysfunction found in blood examination by a local physician. Some diagnostic images showed gallbladder wall thickening spread to the common hepatic duct. They also revealed a stenosis of inferior portion of common bile duct in the pancreas head and brush cytology of the common bile duct disclosed Class III. The patient was diagnosed with having gallbladder cancer and common bile duct cancer. A pancreatoduodenectomy, extended cholecystectomy, and common bile duct excision were carried out in July 2004. Resected specimen was histpathologically shown to have advanced gallbladder carcinoma and early bile duct carcinoma without lyphnode metastasis, so this case was diagnosed with having synchronous double cancers. In fact, it is difficult to cure advanced gallbladder cancer by surgery alone and the prognosis of the patient with advanced gall bladder cancers is very poor. Postoperatively, the patient received adjuvant chemotherapy with gemcitabine, so he is still alive now without major recurrence. The case was presented together with a review of the literature.

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