We verified the validity of “Items for developing nursing support by enhancing the will of elderly people with declined ability to communicate.” A questionnaire survey using a four‑question method was conducted on 139 Certified Nurse Specialists in gerontological nursing. The responses were analyzed using Lynn’ s determination and quantification of content validity.

The response rate was 34.1%, and 25 items with an Item‑Content Validity Index（I‑CVI）of .78 or higher were validated. Seven items had CVIs of less than .78 due to the following：“awareness of habituation,” “responsibility and affection,” “changes in respiratory condition/sputum volume,” “presence or absence of fever, sweating, or feeling cold,” “changes in hemodynamics," “changes in skin condition,” and “changes in excretion status.”

We considered the reason why validity was not obtained from the free description and changed “awareness of habituation” to “awareness and avoidance of crude care” and “responsibility and affection” to “responsibility and interest.” In addition, because the validity for five items of “detection of signs from the living body” was not obtained, it is necessary to re‑examine and redefine to what extent the physical reactions and changes of elderly people can be perceived as intention.

Aim：To identify the growth and its background of new public health nurses who joined public health centers during the COVID‑19 epidemic from the perspective of managerial public health nurses.

Methods：Six managerial public health nurses at a prefectural‑type health center, where new public health nurses were hired in FY 2020 and 2021 and assigned in their first year in prefecture A, were included in the study. Semi‑structured personal interviews were conducted and analyzed qualitatively and descriptively using thematic analysis.

Results：Experience consisted of 14 core themes such as “dealing with the general public and doctors,” which were critical and aggressive；growth evaluation comprised 21 core themes such as “understanding the situation and taking initiative”；and external environment comprised 5 core themes such as “dysfunctional training system for new employees.”

Discussion：They acquired not only health crisis response skills but also basic interpersonal support skills. Behind the public health nurse’ s growth was the experience of being forced to take charge of a part of the organizational response to crisis situations despite unfamiliarity with situations. The growth was facilitated by the supportive atmosphere in the workplace where health workers in different positions, including younger ones, complemented each other’ s roles.

To investigate whether there is a difference in satisfaction with vision after cataract surgery between the first eye operated on（eye 1）and the opposite eye（eye 2）．

142 cases with a total of 284 eyes that underwent bilateral cataract surgery at Kawamoto Eye Clinic were included. Among these cases, those with myopia of minus 1.0D or more in spherical equivalent before surgery formed the myopia group, while the rest formed the control group. Satisfaction with "vision" in eye 2 was assessed using a method that rated satisfaction with "vision" after surgery in eye 2 on a scale of plus 10 to minus 10, with "vision" after surgery in eye 1 set as 0.

There was no significant difference in visual acuity before and after cataract surgery. However, the "vision" satisfaction survey showed that both the myopic and control groups were significantly less satisfied with eye 2 compared to eye 1. Lower satisfaction with vision was observed in eye 2 compared to eye 1. This suggests that patients do not evaluate vision after cataract surgery on the basis of numerical measurements, but on the basis of perceived utility.

The number of surgeons is declining. There are various attempts to increase aspiring surgeons nationwide. We have incorporated surgical training into our university’s official curriculum, and each clinical department has tried to hold a surgical seminar where medical students and residents can practice surgical techniques. In this study, we conducted a questionnaire survey in the surgical seminar. This study aimed to find ways to increase the number of students and residents who want to become surgeons and to help them decide on a career path.

Students and residents who were interested in surgery were surveyed about their reasons for applying to surgery and their image of it. It was suggested that clinical practice, especially the exposure to the actual operation, was the most significant opportunity to determine a career path in surgery. Early exposure to surgery before admission to medical school or clinical practice may also increase a student’s desire to pursue the specialty as a career. Many students and residents felt that surgery was rewarding, but some had negative images of it even though they applied for it. It is the future work to support their career path without letting them drop out of the surgical course.

Primary gastric extramedullary plasmacytoma is a rare neoplasm. We herein report a case of primary gastric extramedullary plasmacytoma with skin invasion occurring 6 years after surgery. A 65‑year‑old male presented with tarry stool. Endoscopy showed a nodular mass in the stomach. 18F‑fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography（FDG‑PET）revealed abnormal accumulation corresponding to the lesion, suggesting malignancy. Due to progressive anemia caused by bleeding from the tumor, emergency surgery was performed. Suspecting infiltration into the body and tail of the pancreas, we conducted a total gastrectomy with regional lymph node dissection, along with resection of the body and tail of the pancreas and spleen. Pathological examination revealed proliferation of tumor cells resembling plasma cells, and immunohistochemical staining demonstrated monoclonal production of IgG and λ chains, leading to the diagnosis of primary gastric extramedullary plasmacytoma. No adjuvant therapy was administered, and skin invasion occurred in the sixth year after surgery. Primary gastric extramedullary plasmacytoma is infrequently reported, and its pathophysiology is not yet fully understood. Prolonged and vigilant postoperative observation is essential due to the limited knowledge about the condition.