Twelve classes of feeds with 5 varying TDN values of 65-85 and 4 varying crude fiber contents of 2-8% were employed for our series of tests on the effects of the variations of feeds upon the amounts and general and physicochemical properties of excreta, digestibility of the feeds etc. The results were as described below.
1. The amount of excreta from the highly nutritive and less fibrous feed with a TDN of 80 and a crude fiber content of 2% was about 40% against, and tended to produce more solidified excreta than, “the conventional feed for meat production performance test” with a TDN of 65, of which excreta was regarded in this case as 100. The amounts of daily excreta from fattening pigs weighing 70kg fed on the quantified feeding system of the same amounts of nutriments to pigs on the constant body weight level assessed in accordance with the standards for “meat production performance test” were about 2kg with less nutritive feeds such as “the conventional feed for meat production performance test”, about 1.5kg with moderately nutritive feeds such as “the new feeds for meat production performance test”, and about 700g with highly nutritive and less fibrous feeds such as the feed No. 4 for performance test of kanagawa pref. and those with addition of fats and oils.
2. The amounts of urination under close correlation with the amounts of water drinking indicated appreciable variation with individual animals, but the amounts of urination can be assessed about 4-10 liters, if water is taken ad libitum in summertime by fattening pigs weighing about 70kg.
3. Digestibility remained within normal ranges with all the feeds tested, but higher digestibility of crude fibers tended to be noted with groups of lower crude fiber contents and consequently smaller absolute amounts of crude fibers, and groups of higher energy levels and consequently smaller feed intakes, if the crude fiber contents are on the same level. Higher DM excretion rate and more excretion tended to be noted in the groups of animals fed on rations with higher fiber content had therefore lower digestibility of crude fibers.
4. The BOD, TS, and SS values of excretion tended to be generally higher in the groups fed on rations with higher energy levels and lower crude fiber contents. No fixed trend was observed with the amounts of urination because of considerable effects of the amounts of excretion mixed into urine.
5. The loads of fecal BOD, TS, and SS tended to be lower in the groups fed on rations with higher energy levels and lower crude fiber contents. The share of feces in the total loads of feces and urine in any group of the test exceeded 80%, 85%, and 96% in terms of BOD, TS, and SS, respectively.
6. Loads of daily excretion of both feces and urine from fattening pigs weighing 70kg fed on quantified feeding and ad libitum water drinking were assessed to be 200-240g, 170-180g, and 140-150g of BOD, respectively, and 500-550g, 400-420g, and 280-310g of SS, respectively, if fed on rations with lower, moderate, and higher nutritive levels. It was found out that these loads could possibly be reduced to a considerable extent by varying the quality of feeds, if these loads were compared with 200g of BOD and 700g of SS both regarded as generally acceptable standards of loads of fattening pigs.

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In 1973, the authors investigated the actual state of the managing labour in the swine sheds at Higashi-Murayama Village, Yamagata Prefecture of Japan. The purpose of the investigation was to find out anything that would improve the structure of swine sheds and to systematize the managing works in the sheds.
The results obtained by the investigation were as summarized below.
1) The managing works in the swine sheds employed in the investigation comprised feeding, water supply, mucking out, littering, trimming, cleaning, feed compounding, etc. In the fattening swine sheds, water was supplied with water-cups.
2) The time required on the average for a worker to manage a swine was 272.5 seconds per head per day at the breeding swine sheds and 23.0 seconds at the fattening swine sheds.
3) The distance needed on the average for a managing worker to walk daily for managing a swine was 40.7 meters at the breeding swine sheds and 4.1 meters at the fattening swine sheds.
4) The ratio of time needed for each main unit labour against the total management labour was 21.5% for feeding work, 15.9% for water supply, and 43.3% for muck-out at the breeding swine sheds, and 18.2% for feeding and 52.7% for muck-out at the fattening swine sheds both on the average.
5) The ratio of walked distance for each main unit labour to the total management labour was 24.7% for feeding, 15.6% for water supply, and 41.7% for mucking out at the breeding swine sheds, and 24.5% for feeding, and 43.1% for mucking out at the fattening swine sheds.
6) The main unit labour at the breeding swine sheds comprise feeding, water supply, and mucking out. The time and the walked distance required for these three kinds of labour were respectively 80.7% of the total management time and 82.0% of the total walked distance for the management.
7) The main unit labour at the fatteng swine sheds comprised feeding and mucking out. The total time and the total walked distance needed for these two kinds of labour respectively amounted to 70.9% of the total management time and 67.6% of the total walked distance for the management, respeotively.
8) If the management labour at the fattening swine sheds represented by the time and walked distance needed for the management is regarded as 100, those in the breeding swine sheds respectively amounted to 1184.8 and 992.7.

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Sixty-five castrated male and twenty-four female pigs of Landrace breed which were fattened up to approx. 90kg in live body weight and tested for the meat production performance were used in this study concerning pH, moisture content, humectation capacity, brightness in colour, and texture (hardness, cohesiveness, elasticity, adhesiveness, gumminess, and chewability) of the longissimus thoracis muscle 48 hours after the slaughter. The results obtained were as cited hereunder.
1. Significant differences attributable to sex were noted in its moisture content, brightness in colour, hardness, and chewability. Moisture content was higher in the female pigs, whereas brightness, hardness, and chewability were significantly higher in the castrated male pigs.
2. Among each of the tested items, correlation was noted between pH and moisture content, pH and brightness in colour, moisture content and humectation capacity, humectation capacity and brightness, colour and texture, and hardness and brightness.

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The changes taking place in the epithelium of mucosa of sows' genital organs in time lapse were investigated by histological observation of sections taken from the epithelial tissues of mucosa of vagina and vaginal vestibule of sows.
The epithelial mucosa of both vagina and vaginal vestibule were collected from each of recessus saccus cecus, glandula vestibularis minores, ostium urethral externum, vaginal transitional hymen, median vagina, and ostium uteri externum of 21 sows. The changes in time lapse taking place in the epithelium of the mucosa associated with the symptoms of estus were investigated with 10 sows with normal estrus cycle, using the epithlium of the mucosa of vaginal vestibule collected through biopsy with Robert''s grasping forceps at different stages of the estrus cycle.
The results were summarized as cited hereunder.
1. With respect to the thickness and number of epithelial cell layers of each tested portion of vagina and vaginal vestibule, the portio median vagina was the thickest amounting to 58.5μ and 5.2 layers in diestrus, and 139.9μ and 13.6 layers in estrus. The thinnest portion was the portio vaginal transitional hymen amounting to 42.0μ and 3.8 layers in diestrus, and the protio recessus saccus cecus amounting to 102.7μ and 9.3 layers in estrus.
However, no statistically significant differece was noted in the variations of the epithelial cells of the mucosa of each portion of the vagina and vaginal vestibule.
2. With reference to the changes in the thickness and number of epithelial cell lassified by the estrus symptoms, the estrus stage (during 2-3 days) showed the thickest ones of 129.1μ and 11.4 layers, followed by the proestrus stage (during 2-4 days) amounting to 93.4μ and 8.2 layers, the postestrus stage (during 1-3 days) showing 83.2μ and 6.6 layers and the diestrus stage (during 14-19 days) amounting to 41.3μ and 3.7 layers.

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Feeding experiments were conducted with starting and growing-finishing pigs to determine the nutritive values of peanut meal for pigs, and digestion trials also were carried out using chromic oxide as an index.
The results were as summarized below.
The peanut meal could practically replace 1/2-1/3 of the soybean meal for a starter of 5 weeks in age and 100% for growing-finishing pigs, if the levels of amino acids such as lysine and methionine etc, were modified to meet the demands of the pigs. However, the TDN of the peanut meal was found to be 63.6%, which is inferior to that of soybean meal and, consequently, its feed conversion rate was lower than that of the latter. No significant difference was noted in the characteristics of the carcass.

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