Following results were obtained from the trials conducted to clarify fundamental conditions for composting pig excreta:
1) When excreta were piled up intact for the composting, it was found desirable to adjust the moisture content in the excreta for composting by adding to them some adequate moisture adjusting materials. If the moisture content was too low, temperature rise of the excreta was rapid at the initial stage, but the high temperature did not last so long and the composting process tended to be incomplete. In contrast, if the moisture content was too high, fermentation for composting did not proceed due to lack of oxygen. However, if a bulky material was added to the excreta for adjustment of moisture content, the fermentation proceeded smoothly despite the fairly high moisture content because the total materials for composting became more porous.
2) Decrease in the weight of the compost does not mean drying of the compost because water and carbon dioxide are formed as the final decomposition products of carbohydrates following the fermentation for composting.
3) If the excreta was turned up occasionally to bring in fresh air into the piled excreta, the fermentation for composting was more accelerated than the case without the turning-up. In addition, it helped release and disperse moisture from the excreta under fermentation. When active fermentation at a high temperature was under way, oxygen brought into the excreta by the turning-up was consumed out within about one hour.
4) A forcible aeration step for the excreta proved to be an effective means for supply of oxygen to it, especially so when the material for fermentation had a higher moisture. Hower, if the air supply to the excreta was excessive during the composting step, it tended to be unfavorable because moisture and heat were overly taken away. It was estimated that the optimum air supply to the excreta at the peak of its fermentation would be approx. 200ml per minute per kg of the material piled up for composting step.
5) It was verified that, even if the excreta was liquid by adding 4 times as much water to it, decomposition by fermentation comparable to that of normal composting step could be achieved if supply of oxygen was attempted properly by exposure to air.

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The following findings were obtained from the experiments conducted to accelerate composting fermentation of pig excreta and to improve the quality of the compost thus produced.
1) Maintaining a high temperature (60°C) for the fermentation proved to be of benefit for decomposition of hemicellulose. Decomposition of cellulose was more favorable with a moderate temperature (30°C). However, these results were of relative nature, and did not mean that decomposition of a component was completely stopped at a high or a moderate temperature. It can be therefore assumed as justifiable that there is no need for special control of the temperature for the fermentation. On the other hand, a high temperature has another benefit besides the fermentation, i. e. destruction of contaminating weed seeds and noxious microbes can be attained with a high temperature. It is therefore to be duly considered to allow the composting material pass through a range of high temperature.
2) Three different methods were adopted for fermentation, i. e. intact keeping, keeping with turning-up and forcible aeration, and quality of compost produced by the three methods was compared with each other, but no essential difference was found out in it.
On the basis of analysis of the quality, decomposition of hemicellulose was slightly less in the group with aeration than in the other two groups, while the results of the group with forcible aeration tended to be more favorable in conjunction with germing test of seeds. The causes for these findings will have to be further investigated in connection with the completion of composting.
3) As rice hulls as the moisture-adjusting material have more favorable shapes for bringing air into compost and for facilitating aeration after piling-up, it is rather more desirable to use the whole shape of the rice hull than using in crushed form. There was no effect found out by crushing in improving the decomposition. Even with the whole shape, complete decomposition could be attained for example with hemicellulose.

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In order to clarify the efficient utilization by growing-fattening pigs of grains with high moisture content which were stored with tight sealing since immediately after their harvest and which were more or less fermented, experiments were conducted on the nutritive values, growing-fattening effects, cooking methods, nutritive values by time of maturity, and limits of utilization of grains and replenishment of their nutritive values.
1. The nutritive values of barley, wheat and oats with high moisture content were in the decreasing order of TDN of wheat, barley and oats and in that of DCP of oats, wheat and barley.
2. Substitution of 30% (on dry matter basis) of compounded feed simply with grains having high moisture content resulted in comparable growth and weight gain to those of the compounded feed if barley or wheat was added, whereas it was inferior to that of the whole compounded feed if wheat was added.
3. There was no sighnificant difference noted in the growth or weight gain of the growing-fattening pigs between the use of rolled and milled wheat with high mosture content and the untreated wheat grains, but trends of improvements in growth, weight gain and feed efficiency could be noted by the rolling and milling treatments. The lower the moisture content in the grains, the more necessary was it to process the wheat.
4. The digestibility of wheat with high and low moisture content and that of dried and milled wheat was in the decreasing order of the dried-milled, the higher moisture content and the lower moisture content in terms of any components.
5. Substitution of 30%, 50% and 70% of the compounded feed with wheat grains resulted in the finding that the higher the rate of the substitution, the lower the growth, weight gain and feed conversion rate were, because the moisture content of the ascus layer was low.
6. Substitution of 30% and 50% of the compounded feed with oats of high moisture content and additional adjustment of nutritive values with animal fats and soybean cake could yield growth and weight gain comparable to those of the exclusive supply of the compounded feed, which suggested the ample applicability of substitution in this manner and adjustment of nutritive values.
7. The palatability of grains with high moisture content to the growing-fattening pigs was good regardless of their moisture content.
8. There was no adverse influence noted upon meat quality by feeding of grains with higher moisture content.

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Changes in time lapse in various genital organs at induced estrus of 125 pre-puberal guts following administration of 500IU of PMSG and 500IU of HCG were investigated in the present study.
In the development of estrus signs following GTH administration, changes in redness and swelling of genital organs were noted as time advanced, but dorsal pressure reaction was developed in 5.9% of the animals.
As to the relationship between the induced estrus and the ovarian cycle following GTH administration, correlation was noted: 77.8% and 87.5% were at the early follucular stage on days 1 and 2 after GTH administration, while 64.7% was at the late, follucular stage on day 3. At days 4 and 5, 54.5% and, 93.3% were at their ovulation stage.
At days 6 and 10, 98.9% were at the early luteal stage and 83.3% were at the middle luteal stage, respectively.
Of the morphological changes of various genital organs in time lapse following GTH administration, significant differences (P<0.01) were found out in the weights of oviduct, uterus, cervix, vagina and vaginal vetibule between varying stages of determinations.
The weights of genital organs of pigs with induced estrus after GTH administration were greater than those before it, i. e. 4.3 times greater in uterus, 2.7 times in oviduct, 2.1 times in cervix, 2 times in vagina and, 1.6 times in vaginal vestibule.

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Fifty-eight piglets at age up to 48 hours (7 litters) farrowed in cold (8.3±1.3°C) or warm (25.0±0.3°C) environments were used for studying the effects of ambient temperature and fasting on rectal temperature and plasma glucose concentration.
The rectal temperature of piglets in the fasting group from cold environments showed the largest initial decline of 4.1°C, which, however, recovered by 2.6°C. During the initial 8 hours after birth, rectal temperatures of piglets in the group from warm temperature were higher than those in the group from cold temperature, regardless of feeding or fasting. After 16 hours of age, piglets in the group with feeding showed higher rectal temperatures than thosein the group with fasting, regardless of the environmental temperature.
Of the piglets at one hour after birth, those in the fasting group from the cold environments showed the highest concentration of plasma glucose (68.8±25.2mg/dl). After 4 hours of age, the plasma level of glucose was higher in the group with feeding than that of the group with fasting, regardless of the environmental temperature.
In the groups of piglets with fasting from the cold environments, a relatively large release of glucose into blood plasma and its exhaustion at an early stage could be noted, whereas the level of plasma glucose in the group with fasting from the warm environments remained low, and as a result, the plasma glucose remained available for a longer period of time. The plasma level of glucose in the piglets with fasting remarkably declined after 8 hours of age in the group of cold environments and after 24 hours of age in the group of warm environments. The age in terms of hours corresponded with the time or stage of irreversible decline of rectal temperature.

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In order to obtain information on the placental functions of Goettingen miniature pigs during their pregnancy, it was investigated whether or not the serum level of alkaline phosphatase (ALPs) of the pregnant sows could serve as the criteria for this purpose. More specifically, the behaviors of serum ALP of sows in the late period of pregnancy were investigated along with the tests on heat stabilities of sera at the final stage of pregnancy and of the ALPs in placenta.
ALP activities in the sera of sows in their pregnancy remained within the range of 0.5-2.0B-L units throughout the pregnancy, showing no appreciable changes. No consistent tendency was observed in ALP activity also in the follow-up study of individual sows.
In the heat stability test, approx. 70% of the ALP activity in sera at the final stage of pregnancy was lost, while approx. 85% of the placental ALP was lost. Both of them proved thus to be sensitive to heat.
From the above findings, it was considered as likely that ALP is not transferred from placenta into blood of pigs and therefore ALP can not be used as the criterion for obtaining information on the placenta during pregnancy.

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Attempts at determination of the organic sources of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) have been undertaken with Goettingen miniature pigs with ligature of common bile duct. This was a part of the whole study on the utility of the Goettingen miniature pigs for biomedical researches.
The activity of serum ALP rose up promptly after the ligature of common bile duct and reached a peak at day 3 from the ligature, with leveling thereafter.
There were no major changes thereafter.
In any of the organs examined, the ALP activity tended to rise and this tendency was especially notable in liver.
The enzimo-histochemistry of the ALP activity in the animals with ligature of common bile duct revealed that the ALP activity of capillary bile duct was higher in them than in the animals of the control group. In addition, it was revealed that the ALP activity on the sinusoidal side of the hepatocellular membrane was also high.
The above-mentioned findings suggested that the ALP activity in serum as seen following the ligature of common bile duct is originated from liver where synthesis of ALP is assumed to take place.

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