Four experiments were conducted to determine the nutritive value of blood meal for pigs dried with ring process and digestive trial was also carried out using chromic oxide as an index.
Two experiments were conducted involving 36 weaning Landrace pigs weighing 9kg initially. A basal corn-soybean meal diet containing 5% fish meal and 19% soybean meal substituted with 3, 6, 9% od blood meal. Individual pig weight and lot diet comsumption were obtained weekly during the 7-week.
Average daily gain (g) and feed/gain ratio for pigs on diets experiment 1, basal, 3, 6% of blood meal were 488, 590, 578; 2.26, 1.89, 1.86, respectively, experimements 2, basal, 3, 6, 9% blood meal were 470, 502, 530, 480; 2.42, 2.28, 2.31, 2.39, respectively.
And also two trials were conducted involving 20 gowing-finishing Landrace and 20 Landrace-Hampshire crossbred pigs weighing 20 and 28kg to 90kg. A basal corn-soybean meal diet containing 15% soybean meal substifuted with 3, 6, 9 and 12% of blood meal.
Average daily gain (g) and feed/gain ratio for pigs on diet experiment 3, basal, 3, 6, 9 and 12% blood meal were 677, 703, 696, 696 and 691; 3.40, 3.28, 3.35, 3.28 and 3.40. Experiment 4 were 700, 660, 728, 728 and 679; 3.82, 3.62, 3.72, 3.73 and 4.02.
There is indication that levels of 3-6% of blood meal the ring process dried by in the weaning diet, 9% in the growing-finishing diet are compatible with optimum growth rate and efficiency diet utilization. No significant difference was noted in the characteristics of the carcass of the blood meal.

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The changes in vaginal smear of gilts during estrus and gestation were investigated with both photomicroscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM).
The vaginal smear exhibited substantial changes with the advance of sexual cycle. Characteristic findings were noted especially with the number and morphological changes of leucocytes.
Leucoytes appeared in the intercellular space of dead epithelial cells, on the second day of the standing estrus, and then underwent nuclear division, eventually showing a tendency of extension of nuclei into fibrous forms in the metestrus.

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The morphological observation was conducted of the epithelium of reproductive tracts of gilts with scannig electron microscope (SEM) and photomicroscope.
Both the SEM findings and photomicroscopic findings showed variations with sexual stages in the obiduct, uterus, cervix, and vagina. The epithelia of both the obiduct and the uterus were identified as columnar epithelium in a single layer, while especially long cilia were noted on the ampulla of the obiduct. Long microvilli were found in groups standing upright to the surface of the endometrium.
The epithelia of both the cervix and the vagina were identified as composed of stratified squamous cells. Many prominences of plicata of islet form were identified on the cervix with small microvilli of a dome-shape.
The vaginal epithelial cekks significantly varied with the stages of estrous cycle. They were hyperplastic in the standing estrus, showing short and upright microvilli, while they were thin at the diestrus, showing short microvilli.

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Evidence is presented that serum CPK and LDH activities, and LDH₅ percentage are less efficient than the halothane test in screening animals for stress-susceptibility and less correlated with halothane-induced muscular rigidity in 41 stress-susceptible and 98 stress-resistant Japanese Landrace pigs. Widely overlapping values of these muscle cell enzymes were found in stress-susceptible and stress-resistant animals 4hours after stress treatment (inhalaton of 4% halothane in pure oxygen for 5 minutes). Sensitivity, specificity, predictive value and overall accuacy of the enzyme screening are discussed with respect to the discrimination levels in terms of mean and standard deviations from the viewpoint of breeding and selection.

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Combination of penicillin and streptomycin has been in general use in semen diluents. However, the increase of resistant bacteria to antibiotics has been an important problem in the therapeutic field.
Present study was conducted to reexamine the effects of benzylpenicillin (penicillin G potassium: PC) and streptomycin sulfate (SM) as antibacterial agents in boar semen diluent. The effects of sulbenicillin (SBPC) which is regarded to be more stable to penicillinase and have broader antibacterial spectrum than PC were also examined.
In experiment 1, the effects of the antibiotics on the survival of spermatozoa and bacterial control were tested. Semen was diluted with KG31 diluent>1) (1:2) containing various concentrations of the antibiotics and stored for 7 days at 15°C. After the storage, survival parameters of spermatozoa (% progressively motile sperm, % living sperm and % sperm with normal acrosome) and bacterial number in the diluted semen were evaluated (Table 1). Nutrient agar (bouillon 5g, peptone 10g, NaCl 5g, agar 15g/l) was used for the culture of bacteria.
In experiment 2, the effects of the antibiotics on the respiration of washed spermatozoa were examined. Spermatozoa were washed twice with Ca-free Krebs Ringer phosphate solution and resuspended in the solution containing 0.1% glucose. Oxygen uptake of spermatozoa was measured in the presence of the antibiotics at 37°C for one hour with Warburg's respirometer (Table 2).
Results obtained were as follows.
Spermatozoal survival: SBPC was more effective for the maintenance of spermatozoal survival than PC. Combination of SM (1mg/ml) with SBPC (1-2mg/ml) was more effective than that of SM with PC (1000IU/ml).
Bacterial control: Combination of SBPC (2mg/ml) with SM (1mg/ml) was effective for the inhibition of bacterial growth.
Respiration: Respiration rates of spermatozoa were little affected by the additions of the antibiotics.
From these results, it may be concluded that the addition of SBPC (1-2mg/ml) combined with SM (1mg/ml) to diluent is more advantageous for the storage of boar semen at 15°C than that of PC (1000IU/ml) and SM (1mg/ml).

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The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 12 antimicrobial agents were determined by the agar dilution method to 153 strains of Corynebacterium pyogenes isolated from pigs. Of 12 antimicrobial agents tested, penicillin G, ampicillin, and bacitracin were the most active antibiotics, inhibiting all 153 isolates at ≤0.78μg/ml. Antimicrobial agents that exhibited intermediate levels of activity ranging from 0.78 to 50μ/ml were tetracycline, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, gentamicin, and furatlidine. Colistin, streptomycin, and carbadox showed limited activities. Their. MICs ranged from 6.25 to ≥100μg/ml. Nalidixic acid was found inactive.
The in vitro antimicrobial activities were also tested against 31 strains of C. pseudopyogenes isolated from pigs. All isolates were highly susceptible to penicillin G, ampicillin, bacitracin, and furatlidine, inhibiting with doses from 0.1 to 1.56μg/ml.

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Genetical constitution of Hypor pigs which is one breed of hybrid pigs introduced from Europe or North America was investigated using blood groups and biochemical polymorphism. Fifty of Hypor pigs were selected ramdomly because of examination of blood types. Blood types examined were 20 systems including 8 blood groups, 2 serum allotypes, 5 serum proteins and 5 red cell enzymes. The results obtained can be summarized as follows.
1. In Hypor pigs, genetic polymorphism was observed in all the 20 systems investigated. Genetic variations in A, E, G, H, K, L, PSA I, PSA II, Pa, 6PGD, PGM and ADA systems were especially, remarkable. Gene frequencies in the blood type systems of Hypor pigs were similar to those of Landrace breed in many systems. However, Tf^A gene which had never been detected in Landrace breed was observed in Hypor pigs.
2. Gene homogeneity index (H. I.), the expected proportion of heterozygosity per individual (H), the effective number of alleles per locus (n_e) and the proportion of polymorphic loci (P_poly) measured using blood type variations in eight pig breed populations including Hypor pigs demonstrated that Hypor pigs kept the highest genetic variability of blood types in all the pig populations investigated. This results seem to be originated from the fact that Hypor pigs was produced from the mixture of many breeds.
3. Genetic similarities among 11 pig breed populations including Hypor pigs were discussed by the genetic distance coefficient measured using gene frequencies of blood types. Its result demonstrated that Hypor pigs was most similar to Landrace breed, and comparatively similar to British breeds. The dendrogram showing genetic similarities among 11 pig populations, in addition to close relationship between Hypor pigs and Landrace breed, showed that Hypor pigs belonged to one completely different group from East Asian pigs.

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