Eating habits in early childhood constitute the foundation of lifelong human health and are greatly influenced by the attitudes and lifestyle of the mother who lives with the child. Hence, providing mothers with accurate information about food will result in improved diet and dietary environment for their children.
We therefore conducted a food education class for 24 mothers of preschool children living in Sapporo. The program-based approach offered a 60-minute food education class once a month over a 6-month period. A survey questionnaire was used to assess changes in the participants’ dietary attitudes (12 items) and dietary behaviors (15 items), and pre-and post-test scores were compared using a paired t-test. The same survey questionnaire was administered to 38 mothers in a control group, who did not participate in the food education class in order to contrast their changes to those in the intervention group.
Mothers who participated in the food education classes reported increased interest in the following 4 items : “Food safety,” “Nutritional balance,” “Nutrients in foods,” and “Local food production for local consumption.” In the control group, the interest in “Lack of exercise” decreased. In terms of dietary behaviors, the intervention group reported improvements in the following 3 items : “I eat slowly and chew my food well during a meal,” “I pay attention to nutritional balance in my diet,” and “I practice good table manners.” No changes were observed in the control group.
As a result of this food education program, the participating mothers increased their interest in the topics covered by the program from the viewpoint of healthy child development, and improved their dietary behaviors. No changes were observed among mothers in the control group. Therefore, our study suggests that even providing a relatively short food education intervention (60 minutes) for mothers, if implemented continuously, can be effective.

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Objectives: The objective of this study is to gather statistical references on food safety education that encourages competence of food choice from the view-point of food safety. A survey on the involvement of the risk communication program on food safety in municipal governments and the attitude of local dietetics professionals towards the program was conducted.
Methods: In November, 2006, self-reported questionnaires were mailed to 1990 local dietetics professionals who worked in municipal governments in Japan. Descriptive statistics and cross tables were used for data analysis.
Results: 1162 questionnaires were mailed and 1130 available surveys were returned. Among the respondents, 41.5% answered that they inform the community about food safety, but 49.9% answered that they did not get information from the community. Most of the respondents answered that risk communication of food safety was important; 21.8% answered “extremely agree” and 62.3% answered “rather agree” on a scale of four from “extremely agree” to “do not agree”. More than one-half of the dietetics professionals answered that their confidence in conducting risk communication was low; 20.5% answered “no confidence” and 52.5% answered “hardly have confidence” on a scale of four from “without confidence” to “with confidence”. More than 80% of the respondents answered that they needed “professional knowledge” and “support from professional agencies”.
Conclusion: This study suggests that educating local dietetics professionals about professional knowledge on food safety, and obtaining support from special agencies will be essential in the upgrade of risk communication program on food safety in a community.

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　 本研究は，看護師のキャリア・アンカー形成の傾向を，職業キャリアとライフステージの両局面から明らかにすることを目的とした。一大学病院に勤務する看護経験年数５年以上の看護師183名を対象に，キャリア・アンカーについて質問紙調査を実施し，有効回答の得られた117名を分析の対象とした。
　 全体的な傾向としては，「生活様式」，「保障・安定」への志向が強かった。キャリア・アンカーの平均値による降順は，看護経験年数，メンターの有無，配偶関係，子供の有無を問わずほぼ一定であり，個人が獲得したキャリア・アンカーに普遍性があることが示唆された。
　 これらのことから，職業キャリア，ライフステージにとらわれず，一個人の生活を前提としてキャリア発達への支援を考えていくことが重要である。

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  This survey identifies the health conditions by dietary habits needing correction in high school students. Only 14.3% of the high school students had no dietary habits needing to be corrected. About 40% of the students had irregular mealtimes, and often had between-meal snacks and midnight snacks. A difference was found between the boys and girls in the dietary habits which should be corrected. The high school boys had such dietary habits as greasy meals and eating alone, while the high school girls tended to diet and generate leftover food. Those high school students having many dietary habits needing correction generally also had poor health.

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目的 本調査は，ライフラインが使用不可能な災害時において，どのような食事が営まれていたのか，新潟県中越地震における子供たちの食生活を事例に，実態把握することを目的とした。
方法 新潟県中越地震（2004年10月23日マグニチュード6.8）の中心被災地の一つである小千谷市おいて震災当時の子供たちの食生活の実情に関するアンケート調査を実施した。またこれらの結果について KJ 法を用いてまとめ，気づいた点について考察した。
結果 アンケート回収率は80.4%，うち有効回答率は72.7%であった。震災発生翌日の子供の避難場所について調べたところ，自宅58人（6.5%），自宅周囲（車，テントなど）524人（59.0%），住居地域の避難所231人（26.0%），市外に避難させた38人（4.3%）であった。自宅に避難した者のうち67.2%が，自宅周囲に避難した者のうち53.8%は「自宅の保存食を食べた」と回答した。また自宅や自宅周囲に避難した582人のうち27.7%は，「救援物資」を利用していたが，それ以外は自分たちで用意した料理や食べ物を利用していた。さらに有効回答者のうち約 4 割強の者からは，震災翌日の食事内容についての具体的な回答を得ることができた。
結論 本震災被災者らは，ライフラインが使用できなかった震災当日や翌日において，地域住民と共に元々自宅にあった食品や料理を活用し，非常事態に対応していた者が多く存在していたことが明らかになった。

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This study investigates whether cultivation practices in nursery schools affect preschoolers’ awareness of the processes of food production. The target preschool, nursery school A, was located in the Tama area in Tokyo. Children from school A participated in various cultivation and food processing activities such as growing rice and vegetables and pickling ume. In Study 1, five-and six-year-olds from school A (n=39) and in the other school (n=40) were individually asked to explain why we must eat various types of food, chew food well, say ‘Itadakimasu’, and not leave food on plates. The answers given by the children did not differ between the two schools. The children from school A gave more detailed answers to questions regarding the processes of food production. In Study 2, 21, mealtime interaction between four-year-olds in school A were observed. While eating, the preschoolers frequently chatted about cultivation and food processing activities. Finally, the implications of cultivating activities in schools were discussed in view of the results.

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In this paper, I examined the population decline and changes in the local allocation tax, which accounts for a large part of the revenue of towns and villages. Many of the towns and villages’ populations are declining, but the standard financial income has not decreased significantly. This is because property tax and local consumption tax grants, which have little to do with population decline, occupy a large proportion. On the other hand, the amount of standard fiscal demand is rather increasing, for three reasons. One is the distribution of thick step correction coefficients, the second is that factors such as social welfare expenses corresponding to the aging population have increased significantly, and the positive outcome has benefited the towns and villages. And last, factors such as regional revitalization were heavily distributed to towns and villages.

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　Undergraduate students (n = 367), who were born in the 1990s, and the generation who were born in the 1960s and have undergraduate-aged children (n = 300), completed questionnaires describing the most memorable meals and good fare from their childhood. The results were summed up as follows. First, among the 1960’s, meals at home with their families were mainly (about 80%) cited as their most memorable meal in childhood, whereas among the undergraduates, in addition to these, those with friends were also often reported (about fifty-fifty). Second, the undergraduates frequently responded that their most memorable meals were special meals, for example, a New Year party, at home with their parents and grandparents. On the other hand, the 1960’s often responded that theirs were everyday mealtimes at home. Third, the 1960’s frequently nominated specific foods as their most memorable meal and good fare, for example, “suki-yaki” and “sushi,” while the undergraduates nominated annual events such as Christmas and New Year parties more often. These results suggest that over the last few decades, people have gradually placed less importance on daily mealtimes at home, and also on family life itself. The results also appear to reflect the shift in the nature of consumption, that is, from “goods” to “service” or “experience”.

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