Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is often associated with OA of hands, which are non weight-bearing joints, in the commonly termed generalized OA. In this study, we investigated the differences between knee OA patients with hand OA and those without hand OA, with respect to constitutional and radiographic variables.
Consecutive female patients with symptomatic tibiofemoral OA visiting our outpatient clinic were included in this study. Among them, 37 patients with polyarticular hand OA ( group) as well as 37 age-matched patients without hand OA (KOA group) were randomly selected. For a control group, 37 age-matched healthy women, with neither knee pain nor clinical nodes in the hands were randomly chosen from subjects who underwent health care examination in the community. Physical constitutional and radiographic findings were compared between the groups.
The results indicated that BMI (body mass index) was significantly higher in the KOA group than in the controls, whereas there was less of an association in the group. Between the and KOA groups, there were no radiographic differences in varus or valgus deformity of the knee, patellof emoral OA, chondrocalcinosis, or ossification at the enthesis of the patella, although the patients in the group had OA in various joints of the hands.
The results suggest that some undetermined systemic factors, rather than only mechanical stress to the articular cartilage, may play a role in the pathogenesis of knee OA associated with hand OA.

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Advanced glycosylation end-products (AGEs) are non-enzymatically glycosylated proteins that play an important role in several diseases and aging processes, including angiopathy, renal failure, diabetic complications, and some neurodegenerative diseases. In particular, glyceraldehyde (GCA)- and glycolaldehyde ()-derived AGEs are deemed toxic AGEs, due to their cytotoxicity. Recently, the shuttling-protein nucleolin has been shown to possess scavenger receptor-activity. Here, we investigated whether or not macrophages recognize toxic AGEs through nucleolin receptors expressed on their surface. Free amino acid groups and arginine residues found in bovine serum albumin (BSA) were time-dependently modified by incubation with GCA and . In addition, average molecular size was increased by incubation with GCA and . While GCA-treated BSA (GCA-BSA) and -treated BSA (-BSA) were recognized by thioglycollate-elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages in proportion to their respective aldehyde-modification ratios, aldehyde-untreated control-BSA was not. Surface plasmon-resonance analysis revealed that nucleolin strongly associated with GCA-BSA and -BSA, but not with control-BSA. Further, pretreating macrophages with anti-nucleolin antibody, but not control-Immunoglobulin G, inhibited recognition of GCA-BSA and -BSA by macrophages. Additionally, AGRO, a nucleolin-specific oligonucleotide aptamer, inhibited recognition of GCA-BSA and -BSA. Moreover, nucleolin-transfected HEK293 cells recognized more GCA-BSA and -BSA than control HEK cells did. Binding of nucleolin and GCA-BSA/-BSA was also blocked by anti-nucleolin antibody at molecular level. These results indicate that nucleolin is a receptor that allows macrophages to recognize toxic AGEs.

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This article presents the results of research on a traditional Portuguese cake, “fios de ovos”.

The author studied the origins and similarities in the recipes, utensils used, ways of serving and eating, ets., of this cake in Portugal; Malacca; Thailand; Macau;

, India; and Japan.

The results confirmed that cakes similar to fios de ovos currently exist in Japan, Thailand, and

. The original of fios de ovos was “letria de ovos”., according to the first printed cooking guide in Portugal. In , this cake is still called “letria”.

The recipes and utensils used are almost the same in these three areas, and the earlier Portuguese cooking style has been retained.

In

, the recipe was handed down orally from mother to daughter in traditional Portuguese Christian homes. In Japan, this cake was designated the cake of the Chikuzen Domain by Fukuoka, the feudal lord, in the Edo Period; hence, it was not found nationwide. Meanwhile, in Thailand, the cake spread from the King’s court to the nobility, and eventually down to common people. Thus, there occurred various arranged which originated from fios de ovos.

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N-Myristoyl (N-Myr-) glycinal (aminoacetoaldehyde, GO) diethylacetal (A), which is abbreviated as N-Myr-, and other N-Myr-compounds (N-Myr-Gly-, N-Myr-Gly-Gly-, and N-Myr-Gly-Gly-Gly-) were newly synthesized and then employed for NH₂-terminal antimyristoylation of structure proteins in the human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-I) and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The protein myristoylation of structure proteins p 19^gag, of HTLV-I, and p 17^gag, of HIV, was determined separately, using radiolabeled myristic acid, in vitro. The radiolabeled proteins, after immunoprecipitation with an antiserum to adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) or the anti-p 17^gag monoclonal antibody of HIV, were identified as p 19^gag of HTLV-I and p 17^gag of HIV by fluorography after SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The protein myristoylation was resistant to NH₂OH-treatment. Of the N-Myr-compounds tested, N-Myr- remarkably prevented the myristoylation of p 19^gag and p 17^gag, but N-Myr-Gly-Gly- and N-Myr-Gly-Gly-Gly- did not.

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DNA polymerase λ preferentially inserts dCTP opposite 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (G^O, 8-hydroxyguanine) in vitro, and this function is considered to be important after A base removal from pairs by the MUTYH DNA glycosylase. However, dCTP incorporation would promote A:T→C:G transversion mutations induced by 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-dGTP (dG^OTP), the mutation triggered by the incorporation of dG^OTP opposite A in the template DNA. In this study, double-stranded plasmid DNA containing the pair, an intermediate in the dG^OTP mutagenesis pathway, was transfected into human cells in which DNA polymerase λ was knocked down. The knockdown of DNA polymerase λ significantly reduced the frequency of A:T→C:G transversion mutations induced by the pair although the knockdown effect was small. These results suggested that DNA polymerase λ is involved in the mutagenesis processes of G^O, generated by dG^OTP, in the nucleotide pool.

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　全部床義歯治療を成功させるうえで咬合採得の占める割合は非常に高く，なかでも水平的顎間関係の決定には客観的な指標が乏しく苦慮していると推察される．ゴシックアーチ描記装置は，下顎の限界運動を記録できる装置であり，水平的顎間関係の決定法の一つとして長い間用いられてきた．しかし，近年その利用数は減少しているように思われる．さらに米国の教科書ではゴシックアーチ描記法（以下，

とする）の記載がなくなり，徐々に教育されなくなっている．本論文では，1）の有用性とその意義，2）の問題点と注意点，3）咬合採得のゴールをどこに定めるか，について解説し，全部床義歯治療におけるの必要性について改めて検討したい．

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In this study, the stability of gambogic acid (GA), a polyprenylated xanthone with potent cytotoxicities against various cancer cell lines, was evaluated under several experimental conditions including addition of acids, alkalis and organic solvents. GA was stable when dissolved in acetone, acetonitrile, and chloroform, even when acids were added. However, a new derivative was produced after GA was stored in the methanol solution for a week at room temperature. The addition of alkalis could increase the rate of this chemical transformation. This derivative was determined to be gambogoic acid () by the HPLC-MS comparison with the known compound. was proposed to be the product of neuclophilic addition of methanol to the olefinic bond at C-10 of GA. Furthermore, when these two compounds were tested for their cytotoxicity, showed significantly weaker inhibitory effects than GA. It was therefore deduced that the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl moiety at C-10 contributed to the cytotoxicity of gambogic acid.

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[Purpose]The purpose of this report is to evaluate the patterns of degenerative change in the general joints in chronic massive rotator cuff tears (C MT) and osteoarthritis (OA) of the shoulder.
[Materials and methods]The CMT, OA, chondrocalcinosis (CC) and generalized OA () are defined as follows: the CMT is characterized by the narrowing acromio-humeral interval (AHI) (AHI<5mm). The OA is characterized by osteophyte, sclersis, irregularity and narrowing in the glenohumeral joint (AHI ≥5mm). The CC is characterized by the calcific deposite in the meniscus of the knee. The is characterized by the osteoarthritis in the multiple joints including both the upper extremities and the lower extremities.
[Results]The CMT group was composed of 54 cases 77 shoulders (both side 23 cases, right side 25cases, left side 6 cases).21 cases were male and 33 cases were female. Their average age was 78.8. The OA group was composed of 18 cases 28 shoulders (both side 10 cases, right side 3 cases, left side 5 cases).2 cases were male and 16 cases. female. Their average age was 81.6. In the CMT group,21cases were associated with CC,16 cases with and 14 cases with OA of only the upper extremiti es. In the OA group,6 cases were associated with CC,7 cases with GOT and only one case with OA of only the upper extremities.
[Conclusion]It possible that CTM is caused by both degenerative change of the rotator cuff and overuse of the upper extremities, on the other hand, OA is a constitutional disease.

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目的：本研究の目的は，新義歯製作時におけるゴシックアーチ（以下

）とタッピングポイント（以下TP）記録を定量的ならびに形態的に評価し，新義歯の調整回数とともに統計的に分析し，その関連について検討することである.

方法：タッピングを併用した

描記法によって得られた34の描記記録について，定量的にはアペックス（以下Ap）とTP間距離，前方・側方運動の各線分の長さと角度の計測を行って評価し，形態的にはスコア法により図形の乱れの程度を評価した．さらにAp/TP間距離によって4つの群に分類し，TP収束の有無や義歯調整回数とともに統計的に分析した．

結果：①A群（0–0.8 mm）32.4%（11名），B群（0.9–1.6 mm）35.3%（12名），C群（1.7–mm）23.5%（8名），D群（TPのみ）8.8%（3名）で，A群でApとTPが一致したものは11名中4名で，全体の11.8%であった．②前方運動量と側方運動量では，各群にいずれも有意差はなかった．③Apからの左右側方運動路のなす展開角は，各群間での有意差はなかった．④Ap/TP間距離が大きくなるにつれてTPからの左右側方運動路のなす展開角は大きくなっていた．⑤Ap/TP間距離が大きくなるにつれて

スコアは大きくなっていた．⑥TPの収束は34症例中19症例が収束し，15症例が収束しなかった．TPが収束していた症例に比べ収束しなかった症例はAp/TP間距離とスコアが有意に大きかった．⑦新義歯の調整回数は，B群とA群およびB群とC群との間で有意差が認められた．⑧新義歯の調整回数とTPの収束の有無には関連性がなかった．

結論：

およびTPの記録に対し，定量的および形態的評価を行い，義歯調整回数やTPの収束度との関連性について評価した．Ap/TP間距離が大きくなった場合でもApからの運動距離と側方運動展開角には大きな差がなく，顎関節本来の可動性には差がないことが示唆された．しかし，TPからは中間運動領域で行われており，展開角が有意に増大した．Ap/TP間距離が大きくなるほどスコアが有意に大きくなり，TPが収束しなくなることから，TPが前方位であるほど描記障害を生じやすく，機能の制限が生じている可能性が示唆された．また，Ap/TP間距離が0.9–1.6 mmのB群で義歯調整の回数が増加していた．本法により義歯調整回数は平均2.1±2.0回と比較的少なくすることができた．したがって，咬合採得位としての適正なTPを診断するために，TP法を併用した描記法を行うことは臨床的に有意義であると考えられた．

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The components contributing to the antioxidative activity of supersweet corn powder (SSCP), which is commonly used in corn soup and snacks in Japan, were clarified and the effects investigated. 7-(O-β-Glucosyloxy)oxindole-3-acetic acid () was found to be the component most strongly contributing to the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity of the 80% ethanol extract of SSCP, and the presence of its aglycone, 7-hydroxy-oxindole-3-acetic acid (HOA) was confirmed. and HOA respectively contributed 35.1% and 10.5% to the DPPH radical-scavenging activity of the 80% ethanol extract of SSCP. Mice orally administered with HOA at doses of both 500 and 1500 mg/kg showed a significantly lower (p<0.05) level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in the plasma than the vehicle-treated control. These results suggest that and HOA were at least partly involved in the antioxidative activity of SSCP in vitro and that HOA might have possessed antioxidative activity in vivo.

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The Casimir interaction between a torsion balance and flat plate is considered using proximity force approximation (PFA) and geometric optics approximation (). Both approximations predict that the parallel configuration becomes unstable as the distance between a torsion balance and flat plate decreases. However, the dependence of the tilt angle at the stable position on the separation is significantly different. The tilt angle obtained by PFA continuously changes over the entire range; however, the discontinuous transition is predicted in . [DOI: 10.1380/ejssnt.2013.60]

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Several cores from Krishna-Godavari (Western Bay of Bengal) and (Eastern Arabian Sea) basins have been studied for pore water sulfate concentrations in order to understand and contrast the diagenetic processes. K-G sediments differ markedly from sediments in pore water sulfate gradients and depth-integrated sulfate reduction rates. Significantly higher sulfate reduction rates in K-G sediments (3.6 to 15.8 nmol cm^-2day^-1), compared to that in sediments (0.011 to 0.94 nmol cm^-2day^-1), can be attributed to higher sedimentation rates. Lower exposure time to oxygen for the organic matter in K-G sediments has preserved reactive organic compounds required for sulfate reducers and possibly methanogens. Authigenic carbonates with depleted carbon isotopic composition (δ¹³C = -48 to -50‰) at the base of the sulfate reduction zone in a core from K-G suggests anaerobic methane oxidation (AMO) process. The possibility, that the underlying methane gas hydrate zone is acting as a methane source for sulfate reduction can not be negated specially in light of the existing geophysical studies. Both methane and the fermentation products of organic matter degradation served as a substrate for sulfate reduction. However, a clear understanding of there relative importance needs further investigation.

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