Leaching tests of simulated fuel debris (CeO₂, (Ce, Fe)

, (, Zr)O₂ and (U, Zr, Ca)O₂) were conducted by using the microchannel flow-through method. The pellet-shaped specimens were fixed with epoxy resin and polished. A Teflon sheet 0.16 mm thick with a slit 2 mm wide and 20 mm long was attached to the polished surface of the specimen, then various solutions, leachant, were passed through the slit at 6 μL/min as a microchannel. Samples of solutions, leachate, were collected every 3 hours, diluted with 2% nitric acid, and analyzed for Ce or U using ICP-MS to determine the dissolution rate.

The (U, Zr)O₂ specimens separated into two phases when Zr was above 25%, while the (U,Zr,Ca)O₂) specimen was a single-phase up to about 50% Zr, due to the presence of a few % of Ca. The porosity of the phase-separated specimens was more than 10%, whereas the porosity of the single-phase specimens was only a few percent.

Single-phase specimens show smaller dissolution rates than multi-phase specimens. This is due to the formation of cracks and voids in the specimen by density change during phase transformation, which increases the contact area. The dissolution rate of UO₂ is larger than of CeO₂ even for the same single-phase specimen and porosity. This could be because uranium is in a highly soluble oxidation state, while cerium remains in a less soluble tetravalent state. In the case of uranium-based single-phase specimens, the dissolution rate tended to be lower with higher Zr composition. When the leachant was 1M NaCl solution, the dissolution rate of CeO₂ was slightly larger than that for pure water. Conversely, the normalized dissolution rate of uranium simulated debris was smaller for 1M NaCl solution than for pure water. This might be because uranium reacts with the NaCl component to form a protective film. SEM observation of the surface of the leached portion of the specimen before and after the leaching test showed elution of fine particles less than 1 μm in diameter and elution from the edge of the specimen. No significant dissolution of individual phases was observed in multi-phase specimens. Although the actual fuel debris initially contacted with seawater and then with freshwater, it is highly likely that particles of a few micrometers in diameter were dissolved. However, fuel debris larger than a few mm can be considered to dissolve only a part of the surface.

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Bei dieser Untersuchung habe ich Tuberkelbazillen aus dem Sputum, Leprabaz. aus dem Lepraknoten und Smegmabaz. aus dem menschlichen Smegma verwendet. Edenso wie ich in meiner ersten Mitteilung angab, habe ich auch hier zuerst die Bazillen mit Ziehlscher Lösung 2 Minuten lang unter Erwärmen verfärbt, dann mit verschiedenen Mitteln behandelt.
Gegen Karbol (1-50%) sind die Tuberkelbaz. ziemlich stark widerstandsfähig, an zweiter Stelle stehen die Leprabaz. Die Smegmabaz. dagegen sind nach 3 Minuten langer Behandlung mit über 20%iger Karbolsäure nicht mehr sichtbar.
Die 3 Baz. zeigen starken Widerstand gegen Sublimat, wobei aber die Leprabaz. eine weniger starke Resistenz aufweisen.
Die 3 Baz. sind alle alkalifest gegen KOH und NaOH (bis zu 50%). Daher kann man die Bazillen mit Alkali kaum differenzieren. Dabei sei noch bemerkt, dass die Bazillen deutlicher werden, wenn man die Ausstrichpräparate aus dem Sputum oder dem Lepraknoten nach der Alkalibehandlung mit Methylenblau nachfärbt; sonst sind die Baz. schwer sichtbar infolge der Aufquellung der Leukozyten u. s. w. Bei den Präparaten aus der Tuberkelbazillenkultur oder bei den Smegmabaz. sieht man diese Verhältnisse kaum.
Die 3 Baz. widerstehen ziemlich stark sowohl den oxydierenden Mitteln ( . K MnO₄) als auch dem reduzierenden Mittel (Pyrogallussäure), jedoch trotzen die Smegmabaz. dem letzteren stärker als die anderen Baz.
Die 3 Baz. zeigen Sulfitfestigkeit nach der Konrichschen Methode, die Smegmabaz. jedoch am schwächsten.
Die 3 Baz. zeigen Widerstand gegen Hitze wie bei dem Preisschen Versuche. Nach meiner Untersuchung beträgt die Zeit des Widerstandes (Kf) unter Erhitzen 5-10 bei den Tuberkelbaz. im Sputum, 15-20 bei denjenigen von Typus humanus und bovinus in der Kultur, ½-1 bei den Smegmabaz. und 4 bei den Leprabaz. Bei den Tuberkelbaz. in der jüngeren Kultur beträgt die Zeit (Kf) etwas mehr als in der älteren.
Man kann die Präparate bei dieser Methode in einer Entfernung von 10 cm über der Elamme 1 Minute lang fixieren, und zwar ohne irgend eine Störung. Diese Methode dient wohl zur Differenzierung von Tuberkel-u. Smegmabaz., jedoch kaum zur Differenzierung von Tuberkel-u. Leprabaz.

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Diese Wurzel bildet die chinesische Droge ?? ?? ?? ?? (T'ien t'ai wu yao) und findet als Tonicum, Stomachicum, Diureticum etc. Anwendung. Die Verfasser haben die dunnen Schnitte der Wurzel mit 80%-igem Weingeist dreimal perkolirt und die Losung zum dicken Extrakt verdampft. Der letztere wurde dann mit 10 bis 15 fachen Mengen Wasser umgeruhrt und mit Aether extrahirt. Beim Verdampfen der aetherischen Losung blieb eine oelige Substanz zuruck, woraus beim Stehen eine reichliche Abscheidung von Krystallen (I) stattfand. Die Mutterlauge wurde im Vacuum (5 mm) destillirt und in folgenden Fraktionen geteilt : (II) 66-100°, (III) 100-140°, (IV) 140-170°, (V) Ruckstand. Krystalle (I) liessen sich durch Umkrystallisiren aus Petrolaether in zwei Bestandteile zerlegen : Prismen vom Smp. 187° und Nadeln vom Smp. 145°. Fraktion II wandelte sich beim Destilliren ueber Natrium in eine krystallinische Substanz vom Smp. 200-201° um. Beim Verseifen der Fraktion (III) wurde dieselbe Krystalle (200-201°) neben einer Saure (Smp. 205-208°) erhalten. Fraktion (IV) bestand hauptsachlich aus den Krystallen (Smp. 145°). Fraktion (V) wurde nicht untersucht. Die krystallinische Substanz (Smp. 200-201°) bildet farblose Prismen, ihr kommt die Zusammensetzung C₁₁H₂₂O, riecht und schmeckt kampferartig, ist leicht loslich in meisten organischen Losungsmittein, [α]⁷_D=-32°38' (in CHCl₃). Sie lasst sich durch Platin u. Wasserstoff nicht reduciren. Sie ist offenbar ein Alkohol und wurde"Linderol"genannt. Die zweite krystallinische Substanz (Smp. 187°), der die Zusammensetzung C₈H₁₀O₂ zukommt bildet farblose Prismen, ist geruch- und geschmacklos. Diese Substanz (Linderan genannt) ist in kaltem absolutem Alkohol schwerloslich und lost sich in conc. H₂SO₄ farblos. Sie gab blaue Fichtenspanreaktion und durch Vanillin-Salzsaure in der Kalte kirschrot, durch heisse conc. HCl tiefrot gefarbt. Sie enthalt eine Doppelbindung (Jodzahl n. Wijs), reducirt weder ammoniakalische Silberlosung noch Fehlingsche Losung, verbindet sich weder mit Hydroxylamin noch mit Semicarbazid. [α]¹⁵_D+164°34'. Eine Methoxyl-, wie auch Hydroxylgruppe im Molekul wurden nicht nachgewiesen. Bei katalytischen Reduktion mit Pt+H absorbirt sie etwa 2H₂ und geht in ein amorphes, in Aether schwerlosliches Produkt (Smp. 135°) ueber. Das letztere giebt auch die grune Fichtenspanreaktion. Die dritte Substanz vom Smp. 145°(Linderen genannt) bildet geruch- u. geschmacklose Nadeln von der Zusammensetzung C₁₁H₁₄O₂-Sie farbt sich durch Vanillin-Salzsaure kirschrot und die Jodzahlbestimmung nach Wijs weist das Vorhandensein zweier Doppelbindungen hin. Bei der katalytische Reduktion absorbirt sie 3H₂ und liefert zwei oeliges Produkte . C₁₁H₁₈O. Die vierte krystallinische Substanz von Saurenatur (Linderasaure genannt) bildet farblose Nadeln von der Zusammensetzung C₁₅H₁₈O₃, sie ist in Wasser unloslich, in Alkali leicht, in Sodalosung erst beim Erwarmen loslich. Sie farbt sich durch Vanillin-Salzsaure kirschrot, fallt die Fichtenspanreaktion positiv aus. Sie lost sich in conc H₂SO₄ mit gelber Farbe, durch FeCl₃ keine Farbung hervorgerufen. Was die Konstitution dieser Verbindung anbetrifft, so haben die Verfasser die Meinung ausgesprochen, dass sie Furanderivat sie und genetisch mit einander in naher Beziehung stehen : Linderan C_sH₁₀O₂ besitze wahrscheinlich die Struktur [chemical formula] und Linderen soll ein Allyl-(bezw. Propenyl) od. Methylvinylderivat des Linderans sein.

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　消化管の潰瘍における組織学的村上分類は,深いびらんをU1-I,浅いびらんをU1-Oとしているが,今回はU1-Oを中心に検討した.U1-Oは更にU1-O¹,U1-,1-O³,それにU1-O⁴とその治癒傾向によって細分し,U1-O^1～2を急性期(活動期),U1-O^3～4を治癒期(瘢痕期)と呼んでいる.このびらんは良性びらんのみではなく,早期胃癌IIc型やIIa+IIc(IIc+IIa)型などにも悪性びらんとして認められる.このような胃粘膜びらんは,癌性びらんを含めてU1-OやU1-Iがただ単に他の変化のない胃粘膜に発生するのではなく,もっともしばしば慢性胃炎性の変化のある胃粘膜に発見されることは重要な現象である.しかし内視鏡的にU1-OとUHとを肉眼的に鑑別することの困難さもさることながら,より小さい良性・悪性びらんの的確な肉眼的鑑別はより困難で,今のところ顕微鏡単位での方法より外にないが,顕微鏡診断に至るまでの内視鏡による診断の手がかりの確立が望まれる.

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Defatted seeds effectively adsorbed organochlorine compounds such as chloroform, dichloromethane and trichloroethylene. The amounts of these compounds adsorbed was plotted against the equilibrium concentration of substances in solution on a logarithmic scale. A linear relationship was obtained, indicating that the adsorption reactions were Freundlich type. The adsorption of these compounds by defatted seed was observed over the range of pH 1-11. Chloroform was successfully removed from tap water with an average removal efficiency of 70% after 60 min when rapeseed was added to tap water that contained 0.0073 mg/l chloroform. The removal of these organochlorine compounds by defatted seed was attributed to the uptake by intracellular particles called spherosomes.

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Total organic carbon (TOC) removals of the synthetic wastewater and of the raw industrial wastewater discharged from LSI photo-resist processing of which main component is 1,2-naphthoquinone-2-diazido-5-sulfonic acid sodium salt (abbreviation naphthoquinone-5), have been carried out by using hydrogen peroxide and ultraviolet irradiation (H₂O₂/UV). Experiments were carried out in a batch reactor with a low pressure UV lamp (500 W) irradiating ultraviolet of 254 nm and of 185 nm (5% of energy). The following results were obtained. (1) TOC removals of the synthetic wastewater and of the raw industrial wastewater are pseudo-first-order processes, and TOC shows zero in about ten and several hours. (2) The TOC removal rate of the wastewater was governed by the concentration of hydrogen peroxide initially added and by the maximum pseudo-first-order rate constant and the optimum initial hydrogen peroxide concentration both existed in the synthetic wastewater and in the raw industrial wastewater. (3) The relation between the initial TOC concentration and the optimum initial hydrogen peroxide concentration exhibited linear both in the synthetic wastewater and in the raw industrial wastewater. The optimum initial hydrogen peroxide concentration in TOC removal of the raw industrial wastewater is same as that in the synthetic wastewater at the given initial TOC concentration. (4) The maximum pseudofirst-order rate constant increases with the decrease in the initial TOC concentration both in the synthetic wastewater and in the raw industrial wastewater. (5) A theoretical consideration was carried out and could explain with experimental results.

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Molten salts are regarded as excellent media for the electrochemical processes of metal oxides. The advanced spent fuel conditioning process (ACP) which has been developed at the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) adopted a LiCl based molten salt for an electrolytic reduction process in order to reduce spent oxide fuels. In this work, the reduction of U₃O₈ without an electric current was investigated to establish the behavior of U₃O₈ in a molten LiCl–Li₂O salt. The uranium oxide was reduced to UO₂ by way of a substoichiometric solid solution of U–O and a lithium uranate in the form of LiUO₃ which is produced from reduced form of U₃O₈ and Li₂O in a melt, and the reduction proceeded almost linearly with time until 42 h in the current system of LiCl–3 wt% Li₂O at 650°C. However, the reduced UO₂ still contained a small amount of excess oxygen even after 75 h of a reduction.

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Total organic carbon (TOC) removals of two synthetic wastewaters which contain diethylene glycol mono-n-hexyl ether (DGME) and 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (1,4-BDE) respectively as a main component, have been carried out by using hydrogen peroxide and ultraviolet irradiation (H₂O₂/UV). Experiments were carried out in a batch reactor with a low pressure UV lamp (500 W) irradiating ultraviolet at 254 nm and at 185 nm (5% of energy). The following results were obtained. (1) The complete TOC removals of the two synthetic wastewaters have been obtained. TOC removals of the two synthetic wastewaters are pseudo-first-order processes. (2) The removal rates of TOC of the two synthetic wastewaters were governed by the concentration of hydrogen peroxide added initially and the maximum pseudo-first-order rate constant and the optimum initial hydrogen peroxide concentration existed both in the two synthetic wastewaters. (3) The relation between the initial TOC concentration and the optimum initial hydrogen peroxide concentration exhibited linear in both synthetic wastewaters. The optimum initial hydrogen peroxide concentration in the TOC removal of the 1,4-BDE synthetic wastewater is higher than that of the DGME synthetic wastewater at the given initial TOC concentration. (4) The maximum pseudo-first-order rate constant increases with the decrease in the initial TOC concentration in both synthetic wastewaters. The maximum pseudo-first-order rate constant for the DGME synthetic wastewater is higher than that for the 1,4-BDE synthetic wastewater at the given initial TOC concentration. (5) The experimental results agree well with the theoretical consideration which has been previously proposed by authors (Hou et al., 2001c) while hydrogen peroxide concentration and TOC concentration in the wastewater were very high.

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Feature subset selection is of prime important in pattern classification, machine learning and data mining applications. A real world database may contain many noisy, unnecessary and irrelevant features. If it is used for data minihg directly, the quality of the discovered knowledge may be very poor. To cope with this problem, many methods have been proposed. In this paper, we propose a hybrid algorithm by using class mutual information for feature selection, starting from the Rough Sets CORE. If the CORE is empty we use binary mutual information for the first feature selection. Experiments have been conducted on some artificial and real world domains in terms of tree size, test errors rate and subset sizes. The results show the effectiveness of proposed hybrid algorithm.

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免震技術は社会に広く普及している．その設計要求も多様化しており，水平方向のみならず，一部の構造物では上下方向の地震応答低減も要求されるようになった．残余のリスクの低減とその評価には，免震装置の安全裕度を向上させ，設計基準を上回る応答を表現可能な解析モデルや構造健全性評価手法の構築が重要となる．本稿では，レジリエントな社会の実現に向け，多様な設計要求への対応やモデル化等の評価手法の精緻化に焦点をあて，AIや最適化手法の導入例を紹介する．さらに，免震・制振装置の品質保証の観点から，AIを活用した検査手法の可能性について述べる．

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対話型遺伝的アルゴリズム(IGA)にサポートベクターマシンを組み込み、初期個体の生成に利用した。ユーザの感性を反映させた初期個体を生成することで、ユーザの疲労を軽減し、IGAの効率化を図った。

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We review our recent works on the positional disorder and diffusion path of oxide ions in Bi₂O₃, CeO₂ and (La_0.8Sr_0.2) (Ga_0.8Mg_0.15Co_0.05) O_3-δ. These were studied through the nuclear density distribution obtained by a combined technique including a Rietveld refinement, a maximumentropy method (MEM) and MEM-based pattern fitting of the neutron powder diffraction data measured at high temperatures. Oxide ions in fluorite-type structured δ-Bi₂O₃ and CeO₂ have a complicated disorder spreading over a wide area and shift to the ‹111› directions from the ideal fluorite site at higher temperatures. Diffusion path of oxide ions in (La_0.8Sr_0.2) (Ga_0.8Mg_0.15Co_0.05) O_3-δ perovskite is not along the straight line between the ideal positions, but exhibits an arc shape away from the B-site cation (Ga_0.8Mg_0.15Co_0.05) .

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The crystal structure of the title compound was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound crystallizes in a monoclinic system and was characterized thus: P2₁/n, a = 8.6189(2)Å, b = 17.9591(7)Å, c = 18.4009(6)Å, β = 102.2560(19)°, Z = 4, V = 2783.32(16)ų. In the mono nuclear macrocyclic complex the copper(II) ion resides at the N(imine)₂O₂ coordination site, whereas the other compartment, N(amine)₂O₂, is occupied by a proton. The geometry around copper(II) is square-planar.

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At CaLC 2001, Howgrave-Graham proposed the polynomial time algorithm for solving univariate linear equations modulo an unknown divisor of a known composite integer, the so-called partially approximate common divisor problem. So far, two forms of multivariate generalizations of the problem have been considered in the context of cryptanalysis. The first is simultaneous modular univariate linear equations, whose polynomial time algorithm was proposed at ANTS 2012 by Cohn and Heninger. The second is modular multivariate linear equations, whose polynomial time algorithm was proposed at Asiacrypt 2008 by Herrmann and May. Both algorithms cover Howgrave-Graham's algorithm for univariate cases. On the other hand, both multivariate problems also become identical to Howgrave-Graham's problem in the asymptotic cases of root bounds. However, former algorithms do not cover Howgrave-Graham's algorithm in such cases. In this paper, we introduce the strategy for natural algorithm constructions that take into account the sizes of the root bounds. We work out the selection of polynomials in constructing lattices. Our algorithms are superior to all known attacks that solve the multivariate equations and can generalize to the case of arbitrary number of variables. Our algorithms achieve better cryptanalytic bounds for some applications that relate to RSA cryptosystems.

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巡回セールスマン問題（TSP）は多く研究されている組合せ最適化問題のひとつである．本稿では局所クラスタリング組織化法の考え方に基づき，大規模TSPに対する新たな分割統治法を提案する．提案手法は従来の分割統治法とは異なり，一般形式のTSPに適用可能な手法である．数値計算実験では提案手法の大規模TSPに対する有用性を検証する．

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Modified tooth profiles and their deflections cause a gear pair to contact away from the theoretical line of action on which contact is assumed to occur in most present theories, so that they result in transmitting inconstant rotational motion. Actual points of contact which are not on the theoretical line of action can be described with the tangential-polar coordinates. With these coordinates and measured single-flank errors, gear rotational motion will be analyzed in this series of reports. In this first report, the engagement between modified tooth surfaces of a helical gear pair is replaced with that of equivalent tooth profiles with the same single-flank error. The equivalent profile is expressed algebraically through the tangential-polar coordinates and results in an involute curve with a base circle whose radius varies. Through the equivalent profile, a path of contact of the gear pair which transmits inconstant rotational motion is analyzed.

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When estimating a magnitude of tug power to assist a berth manoeuvre of VLCC, we have to know a transverse water force exerted by lateral motion of ship and a side wind force. For this purpose, author first conducted the model experiment for a transverse water resistance in the shallow water at a very smooth speed, secondly carried out actual VLCC tests for berth clear manoeuvring at six oil terminals in order to check a reasonable value of the transverse water force coefficient C_<wy> at half loaded condition and ballasted conditions, and finally submitted a proposal about the reasonable value of C_<wy> and a standard value of wind speed, current speed, and jetty approach speed for determining the tug power in the course of an ordinary berthing.

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