ラットに

3H

-CU-

83

(S)を25μg/kgで静脈内あるいは経口投与し，血液中濃度および尿糞中排泄を検討した．
静脈内投与後の血液中濃度推移は投与後5分より上昇し，投与後45分に25.74ng eq./mlのC_maxを示し，それ以後

t₁

/

2

3

.05時間と

t₁

/

2

33.09時間の二相で減少した．投与後72時間までのAUCは135.42ng eq.·hr/mlであった．
経口投与では，投与後

3

時間でC_max 4.10ng eq./mlに達し，以後

t₁

/

2α

4.46時間と

t₁

/

2β

26.

83

時間の二相で減少した．投与後72時間までのAUCは48.62ng eq.·hr/mlであった．
静脈内投与と経口投与のいずれの場合も，尿および糞中への放射能の排泄は，投与後48時間でほぼ終了した．静脈内投与では，投与後72時間までに投与量の30.52%が尿中に，60.42%が糞中に排泄された．経口投与では，同じく72時間までに40.34%が尿中に，69.24%が糞中に排泄された．

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L'entree en Iran des armees britannique et sovietique s'est produite en aout 1941. Elle ebranla du coup le regime de la dynastie pahlavi qui etait au pouvoir depuis 16 ans, et mena le pays vers l'instabilite politique et le chaos social. La defaite de l'arme gouvernementale, qui etait le pivot du regime de Reza Shah, reduisit considerablement le controle du gouvernement central dans le pays. Cette situation politico-sociale confuse permit le developpement de differents mouvements politiques en Iran. C'est ainsi que le 16 aout 1942 le parti clandestin Komeley Jiyanewey Kurdistan (J-K) est ne a Mehabad, une ville au nord-ouest de l' Iran. Des sa formation, ce parti a su etendre sa sphere et, en une courte periode de temps, a fini par mettre sous son influence la ville et ses alentours. A la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, en ete 1945, le J-K etait devenu une organisation representant le mouvement nationaliste kurde en Iran. C'est a ce moment-la qu'un autre parti politique, le Hizbi Dimokratiki Kurdistan (HDK), fonde par Qazi Mihemed a Mehabad aussi, devait remplacer le J-K. Des le janvier 1946, le HDK proclama l'instauration de la≪Republique de Kurdistan≫. Cependant, les troupes sovietiques qui avaient pris sous leur protection la Republique evacuerent les terres iraniennes, en mai 1946. Six mois plus tard, sous la pression militaire du gouvernement central iranien, la republique s'ecroula. Deux theories tentent le passage du J-K au HDK. William Eagleton Jr., par exemple, affirme dans The Kurdish Republic of 1946 que le HDK a ete cree sur le conseil des autorites sovietiques. L'ex-secretaire general du Parti Democratique du Kurdistan , 'Ebd el-Rehman Qasimlu maintient par contre que Qazi Mihemed a etabli le nouveau parti de sa propre initiative, eu regard a la situation politique de cette epoque-la. Il considere que la passage du J-K au HDK comme etant l'evolution parti nationaliste clandestin en un parti democratique. En analysant ces deux theories et en se basant sur les autobiographies des personages qui se sont engages dans cet evenement, cette etude tentera le principe directeur et les activites du J-K et de mieux comprendre les raisons pour lesquelles le J-K devait etre remplace par le HDK. La conclusion generale portera sur les differents objectifs politiques du J-K et du HDK. Le J-K visait l'elevation du niveau culturel du peuple tout en luttant contre le tribalisme, qui etait, selon lui, le probleme majeur de≪la nation kurde≫, et cela en ecartant toute idee de revolte militaire. Le J-K a aussi exclu de son cadre les elites sociales telles que les leaders des tribus et dirigeants religieux de peur qu'ils n'excercent une influence sur les membres du parti. L'automne de 1944 fut le debut nouvelle ere pour le mouvement kurde. Alors que l'espoir de l'autodetermination augmentait parmi le peuple a mesure que s'approchait la fin de la guerre, la necessite de la force militaire a commence a se faire sentir dans le J-K. C'est pour cela que s'est produite au sein du parti une tendance a compter sur l'aide militaire des sovietiques et a recourir au leadership de Qazi Mihemed, qui avait une certaine influence meme sur les leaders tribaux. Mais cette tendance etait essentiellement incompatible avec la ligne fondamentale du J-K et, graduellement, a prive ce parti de sa raison . Ainsi, le HDK se substitua au J-K en tant que≪parti democratique≫visant a rallier les elites sociales sous sa banniere, en s'appuyant sur l'autorite personnelle de Qazi Mihemed.

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BCR-ABL

International Scale（IS）測定はチロシンキナーゼ阻害剤で治療されている慢性骨髄性白血病（CML）患者の治療効果をモニターする上で重要な検査法である。稀ではあるが，BCR-ABL IS測定ができないCMLが存在することが知られている。本研究において，我々は，そのようなBCR-ABL IS測定のできないCML患者を経験し，分子生物学的な方法で，その原因を解明した。本例ではABL遺伝子における切断点がaエクソン内にあることが分かり，そのことがABLのaエクソンを欠いた14a（a）キメラ遺伝子のmRNAのみの発現を誘導していた。aエクソンは本邦における検査部でのIS測定において重要な要素であり，これが欠損することが測定不能の原因であった。このようなIS測定ができない稀なCML症例をさらに集積して，その分子構造を解明することが待たれる。

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はやぶさに搭載する近赤外分光計(NIRS)は,水酸基や水分子の赤外吸収が見られるμm帯の反射スペクトルを測るリモートセンシング機器である.我々はNIRSを使って,近地球C型小惑星1999JU_の近接観測を行い,その表面の含水鉱物分布の特徴を明らかにする.近年,C型小惑星の内部に氷の存在を示唆する観測結果が報告されており,地球の海洋形成におけるC型小惑星の寄与が従来の想定よりも大きくなる可能性が出てきた.内部氷の存在を検証するには水質変成が起きたときの水の挙動を理解することが必要であり,NIRSでは衝突装置が作り出す人工クレーターの観測から加熱脱水や宇宙風化による二次的な変成の影響を識別し,母天体上で起きた水質変成の情報を抽出することをめざす.

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The acetone extracts from three samples of the hepatopancreas of the poisonous scallops obtained on the Okhotsk Coast of Hokkaido Island were fractionated into two parts, hexane soluble fraction (fraction H) and 85% aqueous ethanol soluble fraction (fraction ) by partition to two layers. The majortoxic components in the mouse assay of “diarrheic shellfish toxin” by intra-peritoneal injection were found to be free unsaturated fatty acids showed the following toxicity in MU per g, 18: n- 35, 18: n-6 , 18: n- 167, 18:4 n- , 20:5 n- 167, and :6 n- , respectively. Toxicity of the fraction Hin MUper g was much lower than that of the fraction . However, the toxicity of the fraction H per g of the hepatopancreas was about twice that of the fraction , since the fraction Hwas much more abundant than the fraction in the hepatopancreas. The method for the assay of the diarrhetic shellfish toxin must be reexamined by considering the toxic effect of the free unsaturated fatty acids.

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We screened the differentiation-inducing activities of 39 mushroom extracts from Akita prefecture, Japan, on the mouse osteoblastic cell line, MCT-. Sixteen phosphate buffered saline (PBS), 8 boiled PBS, 14 ethanol and 12 methanol extracts induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, an indicator of MCT- cell differentiation. The enzyme activities were markedly induced by extracts of Tricholoma auratum, and we isolated the active compound from methanol extracts of this mushroom. Physical data for the isolated active compound were identical to those for (,24R)-ergosta-7,-diene-,5α,6β-triol (). induced ALP activities of MCT- cells and promoted cell proliferation. To investigate the relationships between the chemical structure and differentiation-inducing activity of the compound, ALP-inducing activities of MCT- cells by , ergosterol (), ergocalciferol (), cholesta-,5α,6β-triol (4), 7-dehydrocholesterol (5) and cholecalciferol (6) were tested. The enzyme activities of MCT- cells were increased .0-fold by 10 μM and .4-fold by 10 μM 4. However, , , 5 and 6 did not induce MCT- cell ALP activity at 0.—10 μM. These results suggested that the OH groups at C-5 and/or C-6 of and 4 played an important role in their differentiation-inducing activities on MCT- cells. Furthermore, suppressed induction of MCT- cell apoptosis by serum starvation.

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Chemical synthesis of (, 24R)- and (, 24S)-, 24-dihydroxy--vitamin has been achieved starting with the commercially available dinorcholenic acid acetate. Synthesis involved introduction of the -hydroxy group by a reduction of the , -epoxide generated by epoxidation of the , 4, 6-trien--one. The side chain on the steroid was then constructed by means of a Wittig reaction followed by introduction of the Δ⁷ bond by standard methods and its protection with -phenyl-, , 4-triazoline-, 5-dione. Subsequent reduction of the hydroxy groups in the steroid side chain followed by reduction of the Diels-Alder addition products yielded the both 24-isomers. The 5, 7-dienes were irradiated and the corresponding vitamin compounds isolated. Nuclear magnetic resonance was used to identify individual isomers. The (, 24S)-, 24-hydroxyvitamin compound bound equally well to the chick intestinal cytosol receptor as , 25-dihydroxyvitamin , while the 24R-isomer was approximately ten times less active. In vivo, both isomers were less active than , 25-dihydroxyvitamin ; however, the 24S-isomer was considerably more active than the 24R-isomer approaching the activity of , 25-dihydroxyvitamin .

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The numerical values of the intervals betrween optieal levels are competed for the configurations *⁹4s, 5s, 6s and 7s of Cu⁺, according to the general expression of energy-levels derived in the previous paper The self-consistent field radial functions computed by Hartree adn Hartree are used fors, s, p, s, p and . Those of 4s, 5s, .s and are ealenlated from Hartree Hartree's core-functions by the numerical integrations. The calculated results are shown in Table I.The agreement with experiment is satisfactory

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Two new vitamin analogues, -hydroxy-24, 24-dimethyl--dehydrovitamin (13) and , 25-dihydroxy-24, 24-dimethyl--dehydrovitamin (17), which are blocked for 24-hydroxylation by the methyl groups, were synthesized from , -bismethoxymethoxypregn-5-ene-20Scarbaldehyde (6) by using the orthoester Claisen rearrangement for construction of the carbon skeleton of their side chains. These compounds (13 and 17) elicited a rise in serum calcium, but not in serum inorganic phosphorus in rats. In a bioassay for alkaline phosphatase, they were found to show much weaker activity than -hydroxy vitamin (5).

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. The chromosome numbers of 64 species have been studied on which 56 are investigated for the first time.
. Morphological, anatomical and cytological findings on the Musaceae in the broad sense are considered from a phylogenetical standpoint and three distinct groups:
a) Musa-Ensete, ) Ravenala-Strelitzia-Phenakospermum and c) Holiconia are recognised as suggested by some authors. For these groups sub-familial status is proposed.
. Lowiaceae have been studied for the first time cytologically and their chromosome morphology, distinct from that of any other group of Zingiberales, confirms their claim to familial status.
4. Consideration of the conflicting theories proposed to account for the higher chromosome number in genera like Globba, Alpinia, and Phaemeria, etc. leads to rejection of Chakravorti's hypothesis of wholesale fragmentation of chromosomes and the acceptance of the opposed view of Raghavan and Venkatasubban and others.
5. Holttum's transference of the genus Zingiber to the tribe Hedychieae has been given cytological support on the following points:
a) the basic number in the genus Zingiber correlates with that of Kaempferia.
) the new tribe Alpinieae (which is infact Zingibereae without Zingiber) have consistently 48 chromosomes in their somatic complements.
6. It is suggested that the African representatives of Kaempferia should be given the status of genus; Cienkowskya on the following points:
a) the difference in floral morphology
) geographical separateness and
c) the difference in the number and morphology of the chromosomes. By comparing the present and past findings, various lines of evolution of the chromosome complements within each group are discussed.
7. The basic number 11 is considered to be probably the original one for the Zingiberales as a whole, being present in Ravenala which is the most primitive member in the order. From this secondary basic numbers have arisen through evolution.

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The bearing capacity of plane strain model footings on sand is numerically investigated with a finite element method and a polar hypoplastic constitutive law. The constitutive law is obtained through an extension of a non-polar hypoplastic constitutive law by polar quantities : rotations, curvatures, couple stresses and a characteristic length. It can reproduce the salient features of granular bodies while taking into account shear localisation. The hypoplastic constants are calibrated with element test calculations on the basis of plane strain and triaxial compression tests. The FE-analyses are performed for both different mean grain diameters and initial densities of dry medium sand, and footing widths. The effect of material constants on the load-displacement curve is also investigated. The FE-results are compared with model tests. Advantages and limitations of a polar hypoplastic approach are outlined.

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ガラス (微量のアルカリを含むカルシウムアルミノホウケイ酸塩ガラス) の低温粘度に対する微量の水分の影響を研究した. 1400°-1450℃の高温で溶融ガラス中に水蒸気を吹き込むか, その雰囲気にさらすことによってガラス中の水分含有量を増し, また乾燥窒素を吹き込むか, その雰囲気にさらすことによって水の量を減少し, 水分含有量が0.0014wt%-0.105wt%の範囲のガラスを作った. 赤外スペクトルの測定の結果ガラスでは水分含有量の変化が起こるとともにこれらの処理で含有量に変化が起こることが分った. したがってガラスの粘度に対する水の含有量の影響を明らかにするために, 含有量の異なるガラス及びアルカリ含有量の異なるガラスを作って粘度に対するそれらの含有量の影響を明らかにし, そのデータに基づく補正を加えた. その結果, 水はソーダ石灰ガラスの場合と同様ガラスの粘度を著しく低下させることが分った.

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　新潟港海岸日和山浜地区にて，飛砂が発生する冬季(12月中旬から

月上旬)に，TLS測量とUAV測量による海浜地形測量を4年に亘って実施した．精度の高いTLS測量は信頼し得る土量計算を可能にした．砂浜地形の土砂収支解析から，遡上帯からの飛砂発生の事実の確認，及びその発生量の推定ができた．冬季期間の遡上帯からの飛砂発生量は概略.6～/mであった．海浜のある一定の範囲(第区画)にて，海浜陸端に設置してある堆砂垣周辺の堆積量から推定された飛砂量は，2016年度4.6m/m，2017年/m得ている．2016年度/m / /m=0.49，2017年度/m / /m=0.49となり概略50％程度が遡上帯から発生していることになる．遡上帯の幅は20m～40m程度であった．地形データから判読された最大遡上高は改良仮想勾配法により算定される値と概略一致した．

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　阿字ヶ浦海岸におけるサンドリサイクルによる砂礫の掘削と投入後，養浜盛り土の変形状況を調べた．養浜直後の2021年7月16日と養浜から

か月経過後の2021年10月15日にはUAV映像を取得し，海浜の次元測量を行った．併せて養浜前後の海浜状況の変化について現地調査を行った．サンドリサイクルによる投入土砂はごく短時間汀線に留まるのみで，か月後には効果が全く失われた．この意味より，養浜砂が安定的に投入箇所に安定的に留まることが可能な方法を採用した後，養浜を行う方法に改良することが必要である．

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