徳島県下住民, とくに農業従事者についての食物摂取状況と身体状況との関連をその相関関係の面から, さらに多変量解析 (主因子法) による食物消費決定因子と身体状況との相関関係についても断面的に追求した。そのなかで納得のいく統計結果がえられたものもあるが, なお今後の検討が必要だと思われる。そのためには同一地域の住民を継続的に調査したり, 立地条件の類似した地域の調査をふやす必要があると思われる。その点, 今回の検索はあくまでも断面調査による相関をみたものではあるが, 地域差などによる食生活の変化を原因とし, 健康状態に差が生ずるとする一面から因果関係を追究するうえに, 一つの方向づけを行ないえたものと考える。

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生活習慣病改善を目的にした食事療法は，適正エネルギーの摂取や栄養素に注目することが多く，具体的な食品摂取による介入研究は少ない．本研究では，中年女性を対象にした生活習慣病改善プログラムにおいて，食品別摂取量の変化が生活習慣病関連因子に及ぼす影響を検討した．介入前後の生活習慣病関連因子の変化量を目的変数とし，各食品摂取量の変化を説明変数として重回帰分析を行った．体脂肪率はきのこ・海藻類，緑黄色野菜と，動脈硬化指数は

と有意な負の関連を認めた．さらに，きのこ・海藻類，緑黄色野菜，は栄養素では，いずれも食物繊維と有意な正の関連を認めた．生活習慣病関連因子の改善に食物繊維の多いきのこ・海藻類，緑黄色野菜，の摂取増加の有用性が示された．

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To elucidate the food intake structures of three meals, i.e., breakfast, lunch, and dinner, and also snacks between meals, we conducted nutrition surveys on 62 females living in Nakano-city (agricultural district) and 50 females living in Shirahama-town (fishery district). By means of descriptive statistical methods and factor analysis using 23 food group data for each meal, the main results obtained are as follows. 1. Nakano-city had higher mean values of rice, miso, and other vegetables, though these of confectioneries, fruits, seaweeds, and fishes were significantly higher in Shirahama-town. 2. Rice, bread, and eggs were mostly consumed at breakfast. By means of factor analysis, the first factor extracted is positively related to the intakes of rice, miso, pulses, and other vegetables, i.e., the "gtraditional food pattern", while the factor is negatively related to bread, oil and fats, fruits, milk and its products, i.e., the?"modern food pattern". 3. The first factor in lunch foods is almost the same as that in breakfast. The second factor is related to noodles and side dishes with positive loadings, and rice and miso with negative values. It is found that the difference of the second factor score is statistically signinif icant between the two districts. 4. At dinner, Rice, noodles, meats, and fishes are more comsumed but bread and eggs are less than those at breakfast and lunch. The first factor is related positively to rice and negatively to noodles, and the second factor is thought to be related to side dishes. The difference of means of the first factor score between the two districts is not less than but closed to five percent level, while the difference of the second factor score had highly statistical significance. 5. The first factor for sanck foods is related to (the leftovers of) side dishes of other meals. The second factor is related to bread and confectioneries with positive factor loadings and to noodles and seaweeds with negative values. Statistically significant dif f ereces are found in both of two factor scores between two districts. 6. For total daily food intakes, the first factor is related to rice and Miso with positive high factor loadings, and bread, noodles, confectioneries, and seaweeds with netagive values. The second factor is related to the side dishes such as vegetables, pulses, fruits, and fishes. statistically significant differences were found in both of two factor scores between the two districts. 7. To be more practical and effective for the further nutrition education at community level, the food intake patterns for each meal should be taken into consideration as well as regional features.

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かなり良いといわれる現在の日本人の栄養状況も, 各種の社会生態学による集団としてみると, 各々の食事構造には差があるものと考え, 本研究を行なった。対象は某短期大学生とその家族466名, 1978年10月中の3日間の食物摂取量を18食品類ごとに調査し, 各食品類の1人1日摂取量を求めた。社会生態学的要因は年令・性とし, 青年男子・青年女子・成人男子・成人女子の4集団とした。18食品類の摂取量を変量として, 集団全体の主成分分析を行ない, この集団の食事を決定する要因として和風食対洋風食, 軽い食事対重い食事の2つの主成分を抽出した。ついで各人の主成分値を4集団ごとに検討した結果, 4集団相互に主成分値の平均値に有意差がみられ, 年令・性による食事構造のちがいを明らかにできた。

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The authors have reported in former studies that there were significant differences among regions in Japan regarding to amount of food consumed. In the next step they must have attention to situation of each regional block whose sampled households are not same as to residential location, i.e. urban and rural, occupation and economic status in terms of monthly expenditure for food. These attributes of household are important factors because they could have power over dietary behaviors of consumers, so that it is necessary to make clear how do they differ amounts of food-intake. For this purpose the authors estimated these influences in data of National Nutrition Survey Japan 1971. The results are following: 1) Amounts of consumed rice, wheat, fruit, vegetable which excludes green and yellow vegetable, meat and milk & its products differ significantly among the household types while there is little difference in the case of potato and seaweed. 2) The households from urban in residential location, salaried workers in occupation and higher class in the levels of monthly expenditure for food, consume larger amount of wheat, fruit, meat and milk & its products, which are categorized as “modern food” by the authors than households from rural, farmer and lower class. And the former groups of household consume less amount of rice which is categorized typically as “traditional food” than the later. Bean and fish which are also traditional foods, are same to the case of rice. 3) The differences among attributes of household in the nation-wide, exist almost samely in regional blocks, respectively. 4) Since a pattern of regional differences, in addition, are also found throughout in all categories of household, the authors suppose that there are real regional differences of food consumption, even if components of household sampled in each region are not same.

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As pointed out by H. Toyokawa in 1975, there are internal relationships in the food con sumption pattern among Japanese, which is determined by food habit, preference, and other food-related factors. Despite the fact that their food consumption has been markedly changed since 1975, however, there have been few reports which focused on the change of food con sumption pattern because of the lack of methodologies. We proposed a new method of analyzing the food consumption data which were collected in two or more surveys on the same persons. This method enables to grasp movements of each variable (representing a food group) in factor space, by analyzing multi-year's data in a single procedure. From the analysis of 159 females' food consumption data surveyed in 1979 and 1989, paying attention to the changes in the relationships among the food groups, the following results were obtained; 1. The factors obtained were alike to those which were previously defined as the character istics of Japanese food consumption pattern. 2. The main food groups, which determined, respectively, the first and second factors, decreased absolute values of their factor loading, demonstrating that they lost their typical positions with changes in the relationship among food groups . 3. There was no consistent relationship between the change in intake of each food group and the change in the factor loading, implying that the change in intake could not be explained by only the change of food consumption pattern . 4. It was suggested that this analytical method was useful for examination of the change of food consumption pattern, using the data which were collected in two or more surveys on the same individuals.

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昭和53年10月より1年間, 毎月第3週の平日連続3日間, 18～19歳女子39名を対象に摂取栄養素量, 食品群別摂取量を調査し, 次の結果を得た。
1) 栄養所要量との比較では, ほとんどの栄養素が85～90%の充足率を示したが, ビタミンAは低く, 77.6%であった。
2) 栄養素等摂取量の月間比較ては, ほとんどの栄養素が2月と9月に多く, ビタミンCは1月に多い摂取を示した。
3) 季節間の比較で有意差のなかった栄養素は, エネルギーと炭水化物のみで, その他の栄養素には有意差がみとめられた。
4) 8月の栄養素等摂取量を基準にして変動幅をみると, 変動の大きい栄養素にはビタミンA, ビタミンC, 鉄脂肪があげられ, その他の栄養素は10～15%の変動状況であった。
5) 食品群で摂取量の不足しているものとしては, 果実類 (61.2%), 緑黄色野菜類 (62.5%) があげられる。
6) 摂取量で月間に統計学的有意差がなかった食品群は菓子類, 油脂類, 嗜好飲料類であった。その他の食品群には有意差がみとめられた。
7) 季節間の比較で有意差がなかった食品群は菓子類, 油脂類, 藻類, 魚介類, 獣鳥肉類, 卵類, 嗜好飲料類であった。その他の食品群には有意差がみとめられた。
8) 8月の摂取量を基準にして変動幅をみると, 大きい食品群には, いも類, さとう類, 果実類, 類, 乳類があげられる。小さい食品群は穀類, 菓子類, 油脂類, 緑黄色野菜類, 魚介類, 獣鳥肉類, 卵類であった。

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高校生16名(男子7名,女子9名)における食事調査を行い,栄養・食習慣と歯肉炎の程度,歯石沈着状態および歯垢付着状態との間の関連性について検討し,以下の如き結果を得た。
1)栄養素等の摂取状態についてみると,カルシウム,鉄,野菜の摂取不足が男女ともに共通しており, 男子においてはさらにビタミンA , ビタミンB 2 も不足していた。
2)食習慣のひとつとして食事の規則性についてみると,男子は女子に比べて食事回数,間食回数,食事の時間帯に不良傾向が認められた。
3)歯肉炎の程度,歯石沈着状態および歯垢付着状態は,女子に比べて男子において不良てあった。これらの一因として男子における栄養・食習慣の不良傾向が示唆された。
4)食生活状態を栄養・食習慣の良否から良好群,不良群,境界群の3群に分けて検討した結果,良好群の歯肉炎の程度と歯石沈着状態は,不良群に比較して有意差をもって軽度であった。
5)歯肉炎の重症度とビタミンB2,および脂肪の充足率との間には,有意な負の相関関係が認められた。

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Previously, we reported that there are no differences in biotin contents and expression levels of bio2 gene, which is a key enzyme in biotin biosynthesis pathway, in pea sprouts among various cultivation conditions. We also found that biotin required for the growth of pea sprout is sufficiently supplied from the seed. In this study, we investigated whether biotin biosynthesis is affected by cultivation conditions (temperature and insolation) using pea sprouts hydroponically cultivated without seeds.

Seeds were removed after their germinations, and then pea sprouts were grown with culture fluid without biotin under 5 conditions: Control (C), 25°C/12-h light; Small amount of insolation (SI), 25°C/4-h light; No insolation (NI), 25°C/0-h light; Moderate low temperature (MLT), 12°C/12-h light; Low temperature (LT), 4°C/12-h light.

Biotin contents in SI and NI were approximately 67% and 43% of C, and decreased in proportion to the amount of insolation (p &;lt 0.05 and p &;lt 0.001, respectively). Biotin content in LT was also lower than C (p &;lt 0.05).

Secondly, to clarify the seasonal differences of biotin contents in green vegetables, we measured biotin contents in garland chrysanthemum (shungiku), spinach, and potherb mustard (mizuna) harvested in summer and winter in Niigata, Japan.

Bitoin contents in shungiku and spinach in winter decreased to about 56% and 47% of those in summer. (p &;lt 0.001, respectively)

These results strongly suggest that biotin biosynthesis in plants fluctuates responding to the cultivation conditions, especially the amount of insolation. This may lead to seasonal differences of biotin contents in green vegetables.

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本論文の目的は,1994年からの高等学校における家庭科の男女必修が男子大学生の食生活に与えた影響について明らかにしようとしたものである。研究の方法として,1996年調査(対象:高等学校で家庭科を履修しなかった男子大学生)と,2002年調査(対象:高等学校で家庭科を履修した男子大学生)における食品摂取得点などを比較した。その結果,2002年調査における男子大学生の食品摂取得点が,1996年調査におけるそれよりも低かったことから,高等学校で家庭科を履修した効果は認められなかった。それは,この6年間に家庭科学習の効果を覆い隠してしまうほど彼らを取り巻く食環境が変化したためであると考える。なぜなら,2002年調査における自宅生の食品摂取得点が1996年のそれより著しく低くなっていたことから,家庭における食事の質が低下したことによると思われる。

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The present nutrition study was carried out in a district in Goto Island, Nagasaki Prefecture in December 1981 among 60 housewives.
The amount of food intake was generally lower than the average values of the 1980 National Nutrition Survey except for rice, fish and shellfish, and fruits. Nutrient intake was substantially sufficient to recommeded dietary intake except for calcium and iron.
The partial correlation excluding age factor among food groups and other examined data was significantly positive (p<0.01-0.001) in respect of wheat to fats and oils, fish and shellfish to sugar, and sodium to vegetables. Diastolic blood pressure to confectionary was negative, but body weight to obesity positive, and serum cholesterol to milk was also positive.
Using multiple factors analysis for 15 food groups, the authors selected 8 factors of more than 1.00 individual value. Their cumulative proportion was 75.9% and communalities from 8 factors were between 57% and 86%. In regard to factor loadings, the 1st factor was explained as the contrast of rice to wheat, sugar, fish and shellfish, and meat, and the 2nd factor as the contrast between fish and shellfish, and confectionary to potatoes, pulse and meats.
The relationship between factor scores of 15 food groups and examined data was not clearly observed except for the negative correlation between the 2nd factor and activity of alkaline phosphatase.

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