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Article type: Cover
1992Volume 435 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1992Volume 435 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1992Volume 435 Pages
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Article type: Index
1992Volume 435 Pages
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Article type: Index
1992Volume 435 Pages
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Article type: Index
1992Volume 435 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1992Volume 435 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1992Volume 435 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1992Volume 435 Pages
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Kenji WATANABE, Masayasu MIWA, Hiroshi MORI, Yasuo TANIGAWA
Article type: Article
1992Volume 435 Pages
1-10
Published: May 30, 1992
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In the present study, rheological properties and segregation resistance of fresh concrete with low water-cement ratio are examined and estimated by using viscoplastic finite element method and various consistency and segregation resistance tests. The following results are obtained in this study. High slump value can be maintained for about 2 hours by using high performance AE water reducing agent and silica-fume, but viscosity is getting higher with time. Segregation resistance is related to the apparent viscosity which is measured by a vibration test of matrix mortar.
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Kyoji TANAKA, Sang keuh OH, Michio KOIKE
Article type: Article
1992Volume 435 Pages
11-18
Published: May 30, 1992
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This paper describes how siliceous slurry coating which is applied on the surface of mortar substrate having the defects such as cracks or cold joints, densifies the structure of cracks or cold joints and improves watertightness of them. It was investigated by the three methods ; the S. E. M. observation of the crystal production in pore along a crack or a cold joint, the measurement of porosity and that of water permeability. Crystals were not produced inside the cracks, even though siliceous slurry was coated on the surface of a mortal substratum. As for cold joints, a lot of additional crystals such as calcium silicate hydrate and ettringite were produced along the cold joints. As a consequence, the pore volume was decreased and the water permeability reduced.
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Yoshihiro MASUDA, Hiroshi HANAE, Yuji MATSUBAYASHI, Kenji HARA, Masayu ...
Article type: Article
1992Volume 435 Pages
19-27
Published: May 30, 1992
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This paper reports the results of accelerated test on the rate of corrosion of reinforcing bar in concrete which contains chloride ion. Experimental factors are sodium chloride content (0-1.0 %/sand), water-cement ratio (50-65 %), and thickness of concrete cover (15-40 mm). It is concluded that the rate of corrosion decreases in inverse proportion to the square root of thickness of concrete cover, and increases in proportion to water-cement ratio and sodium chloride content. The following estmation equation of the rate of corrosion is proposed. q = (1/C)^<0.5> [0.030 (NaCl+0.233)(w/c-15.3)-0.247] where q : rate of corrosion (%/month) C : thickness of concrete cover (mm) NaCl : sodium chloride content (wt%/sand) w/c : water-cement ratio (%)
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Masahiro KAWANO, Koshiro EN
Article type: Article
1992Volume 435 Pages
29-39
Published: May 30, 1992
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This paper presents the three-dimensional responses on soft semi-spherical alluvial deposits under incidence of plane SH waves. In this analysis, we modify the wave potential functions to estimate the exact solution without great computational capacity and cost. The computed results show that the seismic responses depend strongly on the alluvial deposit depth varying along the curved boundary. It is found that the scattering waves due to the curved boundary induce surface waves in alluvial deposits, which are more developed as the incident angle decreases. Seismic responses show significant variations with the incident angle, station location and impedance contrast ratio even for the simple idealized deposit model. The above results suggest the formation of seismic ground motions in three-dimensional soft alluvial deposits with topographic irregular boundary.
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Koichi SHIBATA, Hiroshi KITAGAWA, Junichi OSHIMA
Article type: Article
1992Volume 435 Pages
41-49
Published: May 30, 1992
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For the purpose of analyzing the structural characteristics factor D_η of metal silos, we treated the analytical models contained both the characteristics of natural period T before buckling and the ratio q of degradation of stiffness after buckling by using experimental result. As a result of the studies, the following things have obviously investigated. D_η rapidly decreased and a constant before T=0.4 sec and over 0.4 sec, respectively. We explain the reason so that D_η is influenced with T.
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Yoshiki IKEDA, Takuji KOBORI
Article type: Article
1992Volume 435 Pages
51-59
Published: May 30, 1992
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The control algorithm of an active-variable-stiffness system for a single-degree-of-freedom structure is proposed based on instantaneous optimization. The strategy optimizes the stiffness of a nonlinear structure to reduce its vibration at every step in discrete-time space. Velocity-weighting produces the most efficient control, because it suppresses the responses of the structure by both hardening and softening the stiffness, and increasing the hysteritic damping under dynamic excitations such as earthquakes. The feedback control by itself effective for practical use. However the algorithm consists of both feedback and feedforward controls.
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Koji UETANI
Article type: Article
1992Volume 435 Pages
61-70
Published: May 30, 1992
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This paper deals with the symmetry limit and collapse behavior of. multistory multibay planar frames subjected to repeated horizontal forced displacement. In the present article, Part I, the symmetry limit theory, which has originally been developed for beam-column members by the present author et al., is extended to the problems of elastic-perfectly plastic planar frames and the theoretical prediction of symmetry, limits is made for some fishbone-shaped prototype frames by means of the extended theory. In Part II, the numerical response analysis will be performed to verify the symmetry limit theory for frames and clarify the collapse behavior under repeated loading beyond the symmetry limits.
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Kuniyoshi INA, Hideaki KISHIDA
Article type: Article
1992Volume 435 Pages
71-80
Published: May 30, 1992
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A closed-form solution is proposed to estimate the displacement of single piles in clay under one-way cyclic axial loads. This solution is an application of a creep displacement equation of piles under constant loads. The concept of equivalent creep load allows the solution to include the effects of both the characteristics of cyclic load and the mechanical properties of clay. The accumulated displacement under a cyclic load corresponds, to the displacement due to the equivalent creep load. The results of model tests proved that the solution is useful in explaining the displacement of piles in clay under one-way cyclic axial loads.
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Shintaro YAO, Koichi KOBAYASHI, Hiroshi MATSUO
Article type: Article
1992Volume 435 Pages
81-90
Published: May 30, 1992
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To make the rational aseismic design of pile-structure system, shaking table tests by using small shear bin were carried out. The small model of pile-structure system was set on the saturated sand layer. The relative densties were controlled as loose, medium and dense. Sinusoidal vibration with various kind of frequencies were applied in the horizontal direction. The following matters are pointed out as particular phenomena of liquefaction. 1) The transient resonance phenomena on the process of liquefaction sometimes produce the maximum dynamic response during the liquefaction. 2) The bending moment distribution of pile was investigated using the beam model on viscoelastic base and it was found that the test results were explained well by this method.
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Youichi MINAKAWA
Article type: Article
1992Volume 435 Pages
91-107
Published: May 30, 1992
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A Lagrangian function which governs interactive behaviors between the potential fluid and elastic tanks under ground excitations is shown. Then, the variation of the Lagrangian function is derived. Applying combination of the finite element method and the Galerkin's method to the variation yields to ordinary differential equations of motion with arbitrary degrees of freedom. Adopting the Galerkin's procedure enables to obtain stationary solutions of a cylindrical shell tank containing water under periodic force, which simulate nonlinear vibration responses of a tank on shaking table.
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Toshiro SUZUKI, Katsuji KIMURA, Shojiro MOTOYUI
Article type: Article
1992Volume 435 Pages
109-117
Published: May 30, 1992
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This paper describes the relation of buckling behavior and tension field phenomenon of thin plates under shear forces. It is known that thin plates under shear force buckle when the load level reaches the shear buckling strength at first and the stress condition of thin plates belongs to tension field after the buckling behavior. But it is unknown how the lateral displacement distribution of thin plates changes from buckling mode to wrinkling mode. In this paper, we illustrate the results of calculating the buckling behavior and the post-buckling behavior with finite element method considering geometrical non-linearity, and clarify the process from the buckling mode to wrinkling mode.
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Masayuki ONO, Ikuo TOKUHIRO
Article type: Article
1992Volume 435 Pages
119-129
Published: May 30, 1992
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The objectives of this paper are firstly to propose the reducing rate due to opening effect for estimating the slip shear strength of the shear wall with various kinds of openings, and secondly to examine its validity. The proposed reducing rate γ_u is expressed as follows, γ_u=√<(ΣAe)/(hl)>・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・(1) In order to examine the validity of proposed reducing rate γ_u, the experimerits were carried out by speocimens having various kinds of openings when the walls fail in shear. The strength calculated by using Eq. (1) was compared with authors' and other researchers' experimental results. It was recognized that the results are very much in agreement with experimental results. Eq. (1) is limited to the shear walls with openings when the walls fail in shear.
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Junichi KADORIKU, Reiji TANAKA
Article type: Article
1992Volume 435 Pages
131-139
Published: May 30, 1992
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This paper summarizes the past literatures concerning lapped splices. According to the evaluation of the experimental data, bond splitting strength increases with concrete strength, but the rate of increase is influenced by the transverse reinforcement. The splice strength increases in proportion to concrete cover and bar spacing, and decreases with lap length. A comparison of the experimental data with the proposed expressions shows that the expressions are applicable for splice strength prediction except for the members with short lap length and small cover thickness.
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Goro KONDO, Shiro MORITA
Article type: Article
1992Volume 435 Pages
141-150
Published: May 30, 1992
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Experimental and analytical studies were performed to, investigate the failure mechanism of headed anchor bolts subjected to tension. In the experiments, three bearing rings were prepared to examine the influence of the apex angle of concrete cone, which would be pulled out. The bolt displacement, the crack development and the circumferential strain on concrete surface were measured for each specimen. In the analysis, an axisymmetric finite element method was applied to these specimens. Analytical results showed good agreement with the experimental observations. From the experimental and analytical results, the failure mechanism of the each type of anchor bolts including the pull-out test type was clarified.
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Akio KAWANO
Article type: Article
1992Volume 435 Pages
151-163
Published: May 30, 1992
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The experimental study to clear the collapse behavior of frames subjected to seismic load is carried out. The main conclusions in this paper are summarized as follows. (1) The panel-collapse mode of frame appears under the strength condition α≦0.42, in which α is the panel-member yield strength ratio. (2) In the panel-collapse frame, the aseismic capacity is not seriously affected by b/t value of flange of member section in the range b/t≦15. (3) Its strength and ductility desirably increase due to the existence of perpendicular beam connected to the joint panel.
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Article type: Appendix
1992Volume 435 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1992Volume 435 Pages
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