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Article type: Cover
1993Volume 443 Pages
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Published: January 30, 1993
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Article type: Cover
1993Volume 443 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1993Volume 443 Pages
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Article type: Index
1993Volume 443 Pages
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Article type: Index
1993Volume 443 Pages
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Article type: Index
1993Volume 443 Pages
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Masamichi OHKUBO, Yosuke URAKAWA
Article type: Article
1993Volume 443 Pages
1-9
Published: January 30, 1993
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The cement mortar and concrete mixed with waste-incinerated-ash were tested to obtain the basic data on the unit weight, compressive strength and the characteristics as the fresh concrete. Two kinds of ash, the ash from electrostatic precipitator (EP-ash) and the ash from stoker kiln (BA-ash) , were mixed with mortar or concrete individually or simultaneously. Six test-series were programed. The parameter of the tests was the ash mixing ratios to cement, water ash ratios, mixing ratios of EP-ash and BA-ash, and the admixing ratios of an admixture to prevent the leakage of harmful heavy metals in the ashes. The test data indicated that the unit weight, compressive strength, Young's modulus, and tensile strength of the mortar or concrete mixed with the ashes decreased with the increase of ash mixing ratios.
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Tatsuya NUMAO, Hirozo MIHASHI, Kimio FUKUZAWA
Article type: Article
1993Volume 443 Pages
11-16
Published: January 30, 1993
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In this paper, two test series were carried out to study influence of compressive stress on loss and migration of water in hardened cement paste. Thin wall cylindrical specimens with the thickness of 1.0 mm. the outside diameter of 15 mm and. the length of 100 mm were used in these tests. The specimens were kept under different compressive stress in the range of 0 kgf/cm^2-110 kgf/cm^2. Loss of water in the specimens (Test 1) and migration of water through the thin wall of the specimens (Test 2) were measured. Furthermore, non-linear diffusion equation was calculated by means of finite element method and the experimental results of test 1 were analyzed. These calculated results were compared with the experimental results, and influence of compressive stress on parameters related to the water diffusion coefficient were discussed.
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Kyoji TANAKA, Byung Chang SONG, Michio KOIKE
Article type: Article
1993Volume 443 Pages
17-23
Published: January 30, 1993
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The method to predict time to failure of roof covering rubber sheets under fluctuating ozone concentration and temperature was developed, being based on the equation, t=10^<(c/t+D)>/X^A, which express the time to failure of them, at constant ozone concentration, X and temperature, T. Ozone tests which ozone concentration and temperature were varied through sine curves were carried out. Comparing both results obtained by the tests and calculation, it is concluded that the effect of fluctuating ozone concentration and temperature can be estimated by the integration of them with time.
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Hidenori ONO, Yutaka YOKOYAMA, Takamasa MIKAMI, Jun KUSUMOTO
Article type: Article
1993Volume 443 Pages
25-33
Published: January 30, 1993
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This paper presents basic findings to investigate a method for evaluating difference-in-level from a viewpoint of perceptibility. First, we confirmed that imperceptible differences-in-level existed on basis of sensory scales. Secondly, we made a sensory test for investigating the influence of extent of field of view on perceptibility. As a result, we clarified that perceptibility did not change so much within the ordinary extent of field of view. Thirdly, we made a sensory test for investigating the influence of illuminance on perceptibility. As a result, we clarified that perceptibility did not change so much over 100 lx.
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Takashi INOUE, Jun KANDA
Article type: Article
1993Volume 443 Pages
35-41
Published: January 30, 1993
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Seismic hazard of Tokyo and Osaka areas is evaluated by the Probabilistic Model Method and the Cumulative Distribution Method using historical earthquake data of 300 years and the Kanai's attenuation relationship. The hazard curve obtained by the Probabilistic Model Method almost agrees with the result by the Cumulative Distribution Method. Seismic source areas of interplate earthquakes are separately modeled. The seismic hazard of the Tokyo area is greatly affected by the extent of the source area. Seismic hazard based on nonstationary earthquake occurrences at the interplate faults is also studied.
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Kyoko HIRATA, Takashige ISHIKAWA
Article type: Article
1993Volume 443 Pages
43-52
Published: January 30, 1993
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A purpose of this study is to make clear bases for establishment of values of design live load, investigating historical changes of live load provisions to the building acts in force. This paper reports those changes from Temporary Japan Engineering Standard to Building Standard Law. The impact coefficient provisions appeared in the revision of Urban Building Law Enforcement Regulations in 1937, but those bases are not clear. The live load provisions in Temporary Japan Engineering Standard were calculated using numerical expressions based on data of an investigation into furniture load in 1931. We verify whether the coefficients of concentration in these expressions are proper.
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Tokiharu OHTA, Masanori NIWA, Masayuki TAKEMURA, Yoshiharu KIYOTA, Kiy ...
Article type: Article
1993Volume 443 Pages
53-63
Published: January 30, 1993
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Recent development of water front as construction site for highrise buildings, bucause of underlying thick alluvium layers, necessitate more accumlated considerations in seismic design than before. This paper presents an advaced methodology of seismic design and its apllication to 33 storied concrete building. In contrast to conventional design guideline, design ground motions are first estimated on the light of site's seismological conditions. Effects of surface geology are then introduced in the analysis of wave propagation and soil structure interaction as well as sand liquefaction. The building designed for Tokyo bay area resulted in suffering earthquake induced stresses, especialy in the wall foundation, unprecedentedly differnt from those by conventional design.
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Masashi MATSUOKA, Saburoh MIDORIKAWA
Article type: Article
1993Volume 443 Pages
65-71
Published: January 30, 1993
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Based on the data of shear-wave velocity measured at 459 sites in the Kanto area and the Digital National Land Information, correlation between site conditions and average shear-wave velocity of ground from surface to 30 m depth, AVS, is investigated. The AVS is confirmed to be strongly correlated with amplification factor of ground. Empirical equations are developed for estimating the AVS in terms of site characteristics such as surface geology, geomorphological unit, surface soil and altitude. The results indicate that the Digital National Land Information could be an useful database for predicting the AVS in large area.
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Kazuo KONDOH, Hideo OKA, Humihiko MITSUHIRO, Masami HANAI
Article type: Article
1993Volume 443 Pages
73-85
Published: January 30, 1993
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Using the improved assumed displacement finite element method for shear-deformable plate bending element, its basic idea being previously given in the authors' first report, a new series of quadrilateral plate bending elements is unifiedly and systematically derived. It is shown that the plate bending elements of the present family have no spurious zero energy modes and are "locking-free", with verification of the convergence criteria to be satisfied; Several numerical analyses, for the buckling and the free vibration problems as well as the deformation ones, are performed, and these show that the present elements have excellent accuracy and convergency for both thin and thick plates.
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Kazuhiro KAWABE, Akira ENAMI
Article type: Article
1993Volume 443 Pages
87-94
Published: January 30, 1993
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This is report on the results of an indoor test conducted on a swelling paint that was developed to reduce the negative skin friction of piles used in the bored precast pile method. The swelling paint consists of synthetic resin elastomer, a high water-absorbing polymer, a filler, and a solvent. The paint forms a hard dry coat when the solvent evaporates. Once dry, the paint swells when submerged in water. The result that the shear strength of swelling layer is represented by the shear strain rate, temperature and the swelling rate of the dry coat was obtained empirically.
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Yoshinori MATSUMOTO, Koichiro YAMADA
Article type: Article
1993Volume 443 Pages
95-105
Published: January 30, 1993
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As the length of the column decreases, flexural buckling stress exceeds the proportional limit of the timber, and yielding of metal connectors and steel plates are likely to occur. This paper deals with the analytical method of the elasto-plastic flexural buckling load of the timber column reinforced with steel plates attached by metal connectors on both side of the member. According to the theory presented herein, the incremental ratio of the inelastic flexural buckling load of the reinforced timber column declines as the slenderness ratio of the column decreaces.
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Akira WADA, Shizuo HAYASHI, Hiroyasu SAKATA, Keiichi KATORI, Akihiro O ...
Article type: Article
1993Volume 443 Pages
107-115
Published: January 30, 1993
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A one-twentieth scaled 3-R frame was envisaged representing the lower portion of the over 30-stories reinforced concrete building. Two specimens were manufactured : four-story, three-span buildings, with and without a slab. Considering the effects of an earthquake, vertical and horizontal forces were applied to the specimens. A loading apparatus with which we could apply constant vertical force to columns and apply force proportionally to the top of each column was designed. The effects of the slab on the beam and on the horizontal resistance of the specimen were studied. We found that mechanical behavior such as .load-displacement relationships, ultimate strength of structure, etc. of both specimens could be estimated by the method commonly used among Japanese structural engineers.
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Koji OGAWA, Yoshiaki KUROBANE, Minoru YAMANARI
Article type: Article
1993Volume 443 Pages
117-126
Published: January 30, 1993
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The lateral buckling strength of chords in tubular trusses is frequently much higher than the buckling strength evaluated on the assumption that the effective length is equal to the distance between lateral supports. Reasons for this include restraints supplied by web members, nonuniform distributions of axial force over the laterally unsupported length of the chord, and a decline of tangent modulus in the member under the greatest axial force when the chord buckles in the inelastic region. This paper proposes a new design method that takes these effects into consideration and shows how the results according to the proposed method agree well with those obtained from exact solutions based on a nonlinear buckling analysis.
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Toshirou SUZUKI, Toshiyuki OGAWA, Takashi FUKASAWA
Article type: Article
1993Volume 443 Pages
127-136
Published: January 30, 1993
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In the present study, we clarified quantitatively the constrained effect of bracing members having shear bolted joints to the lateral buckling behavior by the results of the experiments and the non-linear analyses. And we proposed the design formula of chord members of tubular truss beams with bolted joints. This formula was derived from the modified lateral buckling conditional equation obtained by the energy method. And it was taking the constrained effect obtained by the resuluts of eigenvalue analyses into consideration. Consequently, we confirmed validity of the proposed design formula.
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Kazuo INOUE, Shinichi SAWAIZUMI, Yasuo HIGASHIBATA, Kazuhiro INOUE
Article type: Article
1993Volume 443 Pages
137-146
Published: January 30, 1993
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The mechanism of the failure at the edge of the precast concrete panel including unbonded steel diagonal braces is clarified and the method of stiffening is proposed in this paper. The failure at the edge of the concrete panel is due to the punching shear. The punching shear force is caused by the difference of the boundary condition between steel brace and concrete panel. The method of stiffening at the edge of the concrete panel is proposed based on the analytical results. The method was confirmed by the test frames subjected to the earthquake type of loading.
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Tomohiro NARUSE, Shinichi SUGAHARA
Article type: Article
1993Volume 443 Pages
147-157
Published: January 30, 1993
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Some investigations on fire safety design for atriums were performed here, which involve the cases applied for the 38th article of Japan Building Law. As the results the atriums were classified into three groups according to their space characteristics. And each group was investigated on such items as space characteristics, fire detecter, stairs which people are hot able to use for refuge, fire extinguishing system, air-smoke ventilation, space figure, partition, features not complying with Japan Building Law and space condition as an open air.
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Tetsuya MATSUI, Sang Yeob LEE
Article type: Article
1993Volume 443 Pages
159-170
Published: January 30, 1993
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A floating hemisphere in uniform current and regular waves is analysed based on potential flow theory and low current speed approximation. The perturbation theory based on the expansion of the velocity potential in a power series of current speed is formulated to reduce the boundary-value problem to the integral equation, whose kernel functions involve only the Green's function with zero current speed. The solutions are obtained numerically for the first-order and mean second-order wave forces and responses. It is shown that the wave-excited dynamic responses of the floating sphere are significantly influenced by the presence of current.
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Yasushi KAWASAKI, Jong Ha KIM
Article type: Article
1993Volume 443 Pages
171-179
Published: January 30, 1993
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Computer graphics came to be applied to architecture or urban design because of its particular visual presentation and constant support for design process. This paper shows the example of G. G. presentations used in Obama campus planning of Fukui Prefecturel University, and describes relationship between design process and C. G. presentation. The first analysis is the classification of architectural informations visualised in C. G. with regard to character and scale.' The second analysis is the classification of C. G. presentations with regard to the design items in Obama campus planning. The result is the evaluation of CG as a design tool with respect to constant support for each condition of design process.
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Article type: Appendix
1993Volume 443 Pages
App2-
Published: January 30, 1993
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Article type: Cover
1993Volume 443 Pages
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