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Article type: Cover
1993Volume 447 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1993Volume 447 Pages
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Article type: Index
1993Volume 447 Pages
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Article type: Index
1993Volume 447 Pages
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Article type: Index
1993Volume 447 Pages
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Shaohua ZHANG, Ryoji IWASAKI, Jun KANDA
Article type: Article
1993Volume 447 Pages
1-8
Published: May 30, 1993
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Dynamic analyses are commonly carried out in the seismic design for tall buildings in Japan. Although there is a general specified rule for the input motions and the response criteria, the seismic safety for all buildings may not be necessarily uniform. Particularly probabilistic evaluation may well lead to wide variations. It is important to find out causes for such variation. Among many parameters used to analyze the seismic safety, the seismic hazard, the base shear force coefficient and the distribution of yield shear force coefficient are considered to be significant ones. Based on the statistical examination of the dynamic characteristics of existing Japanese tall buildings in recent years, the distribution of yield shear force coefficient can be classified into three patterns. Effects of these distributions on the seismic safety in terms of the second moment reliability proposed by one of the authors are examined and the significance is subsequently demonstrated. In order to reduce, the inelastic response computation time, models are simplified into 6-lumped-mass system. The accuracy of this model was fully examined, by comparing the responses with thove of the original models used in the design procedure.
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Sadaiti TERADA
Article type: Article
1993Volume 447 Pages
9-16
Published: May 30, 1993
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A method to calculate the first several moments of a safety margin and the correlation coefficient between them is derived through the transformation of correlated basic random variables into common and independent ones. The cumulants that are calculated through the generating function are transformed into the corresponding moments. This adds a method to precisely calculate the reliability of an engineering system.
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Hiroshi UEDA, Yukio TAMURA, Kunio FUJII, Akira KATUMURA
Article type: Article
1993Volume 447 Pages
17-30
Published: May 30, 1993
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This report describes the effects of the approaching wind on fluctuating pressures acting on flat roofs. The wind pressures acting on the flat roofs fluctuate irregularly both in time and in space. The cladding and the main frames supporting the roofs should be designed considering these pressure fluctuations. The wind tunnel testing on the fluctuating pressures acting on the flat roofs are carried out in the boundary layer wind with 5 different propaties. The wind pressure fluctuations acting on the flat roofs highly depends upon the turbulence intensity of the approaching wind. The correlations of the fluctuating pressures are also affected by the turbulence intensity and the turbulence scale at the height of the roof.
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Saburoh MIDORIKAWA, Koichi SAKUGAWA
Article type: Article
1993Volume 447 Pages
31-37
Published: May 30, 1993
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Site effects on response spectra of ground motions observed at 173 sites during the 1987 Chiba-ken-toho-oki earthquake (M = 6.7) were evaluated. The results indicate that 1) the site effects are significant on motions with periods longer than 0.2 second, 2) geomorphological land classification is more appropriate for evaluating the site effects than soil classification or surface geology, 3) the site amplifications at longer periods have stronger dependence on the average shear-wave velocity of ground, and 4) the average shear-wave velocity is a useful predictor for the site amplifications at periods of 0.7 to 1.5 seconds.
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Yoshimitsu FUKUSHIMA, Saburoh MIDORIKAWA
Article type: Article
1993Volume 447 Pages
39-49
Published: May 30, 1993
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Prediction relation of response spectra was derived by using earthquake ground accelerations observed in or on rock. The M^2_w term was used for the regression model, because the scaling law of M_w is nonlinear when the source spectra of of ω^<-2> model was assumed. The derived coefficient for the M^2_w term agrees with the value expected from ω^<-2> model. The predicted spectrum from the regression model agrees well with the observed spectrum in near-field during the 1983 Nihonkai chubu earthquake of M_j 7. 7.
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Masashi MATSUOKA, Saburoh MIDORIKAWA
Article type: Article
1993Volume 447 Pages
51-56
Published: May 30, 1993
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A procedure for predicting the isoseismal map of a hypothetical earthquake is proposed using the Digital National Land Information as the GIS application to seismic microzoning. The average shear wave velocities of ground from surface to 30m depth, AVS, are estimated from site parameters included in the Digital National Land Information. The isoseismal map is predicted by multiplying of the site amplification factor estimated from AVS, and the intensity of standard ground motion which is obtained from the attenuation law. The calculation was conducted for the 1987 Chiba-ken-toho-pki earthquake. The calculated values showed good agreements with the observed ones.
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Kiyoshi MASUDA, Kenji MIURA, Eiji KITAMURA, Yuji MIYAMOTO
Article type: Article
1993Volume 447 Pages
57-66
Published: May 30, 1993
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This paper describes the practical analysis methods for dynamic impedance of pile-group foundation with a large number of piles. Many methods for this problem have been proposed, but these were for pile-group with a small number of piles. It is impossible to expand these methods to the analysis for pile-group with many piles due to the restriction of computer memory capacity and computation expense. Two practical analysis methods are shown in this paper. The applicability of the methods was examined using the results by rigorous method and the forced vibration test results.
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Shigeo MINEWAKI
Article type: Article
1993Volume 447 Pages
67-77
Published: May 30, 1993
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When devising a design method that takes account of energy absorption by plastic behavior of structural elements, it is necessary to presuppose shift of load resistant system, ie. changes of structural characteristics in mean meaning during 'principal responding time' in which major energy absorption occurs. In this treatise, following matters are investigated to establish the design method. The one is a design flow considering higher mode response, and the other is a manner to decide design parameters, considering characteristics of several earthquake inputs. Influence of higher mode response is estimated by application of adjusted coefficient for equivalent stiffness ratio as function of energy-absorption ratios concerned with several mode responses.
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Koichiro ISHIKAWA, Shiro KATO
Article type: Article
1993Volume 447 Pages
79-88
Published: May 30, 1993
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The present study is concerned with the earthquake resistant capacity of the double layer latticed dome due to vertical motions by elastic-plastic dynamic analysis, considering both of geometric and material non-linearities. The earthquake resistant capacity is evaluated by the max-imum acceleration of the input wave which induces dynamic collapse of the dome. As the results of this study, (i) the configuration of dynamic collapse is observed that the central part of the dome deforms downward larger than the peripheral part by occurence of chain buckling of the several members, and (ii) an approximate method for estimating the collapse acceleration of the latticed dome has been proposed and the validity has been shown.
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Takayuki FUJIMOTO
Article type: Article
1993Volume 447 Pages
89-96
Published: May 30, 1993
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The purpose of this study is to develope a simple theory of allowing for compressive membrane action in the elastic-plastic analysis of square reinforced concrete slabs with partial lateral restraint at all edges by using a equivalent cross beam structure. And the load-deflection relationship obtained from the analysis are compared with the test results of nine concentrated loaded square slabs in which lateral displacement at the boundaries is prevented by very stiff surrounding frame. Consequently, it is shown that the approximate method using a equivalent cross beam structure can pursue the load-deflection curves obtained from tests.
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Akira SAKAI, Toshio MAEGAWA, Akira WADA
Article type: Article
1993Volume 447 Pages
97-106
Published: May 30, 1993
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A macro-model composed of bar elements was proposed for applying to an elasto-plastic dynamic analysis for the three dimensional reinforced concrete shear wall. This macro-model enabled us to grasp the dynamic characteristics of, shear walls by using a theoretical approach with the result of material tests. By using this macro-model, various kinds of consideration were made on the result of the pseudo dynamic tests described in the previous report, Part 1, and it was shown that the elasto-plastic response behaviors obtained by analysis agreed well with the test results, and thus the effectiveness of this model was confirmed.
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Kazuhiro NAGANUMA
Article type: Article
1993Volume 447 Pages
107-117
Published: May 30, 1993
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Shear strength of reinforced concrete shear walls with relatively large height-to-width ratio including multi-story shear walls is discussed based on the results of the finite element analysis. The aim of the present paper is to investigate the effects of parameters such as the amount of reinforcement, characteristics of beams, height-to-width ratio, and loading conditions on the shear strength. It has been found that there is room for improvement in current AIJ Design Guidelines on the estimation of shear strength of walls with large height-to-width ratio and multi-story shear walls.
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Kiyoshi MASUO
Article type: Article
1993Volume 447 Pages
119-128
Published: May 30, 1993
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Recently, the ductility of reinforced concrete columns has been frequently researched. However, the deformation capacity of reinforced concrete columns can not be adequately evaluated. Therefore, transverse reinforcements in plastic hinge zones of columns can not be rationally designed. This study aims to derive the formulas for evaluating the deformation capacity of reinforced concrete columns subjected to antisymmetric bending moment and axial force in consideration of the confining effect of transverse reinforcements. Also, it is intended to clarify the required transverse reinforcements in plastic hinge zones for ensuring the adequate deformation capacity.
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Tetsuro ONO, Hiroshi OKIMOTO, Kazuto ISHIDA, Hitoshi OHKI
Article type: Article
1993Volume 447 Pages
129-138
Published: May 30, 1993
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This study conducts a tensile test of side notched welded joints composed of thick plate to evaluate the fracture ductility. Experimental parameters involved are four kinds : thickness, half notch length, material property and notch location. The COD (δ) and overall strain (ε_∞) were measured as a deformation property. All specimens rupture in full yielding region, at which the increment of COD increases until the linear relationship disappears. The COD of this point is assumed as the critical value of crack propagation δ_c. Critical fracture value uniformly increases as notch length (a) increases and can be expressed linearly for each property of steel. The gradient of δ/2πaε_y-ε_∞/ε_y relation at δ_c and notch length can be expressed with linear form for each steel.
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Yiyi CHEN, kenichi OHI, Koichi TAKANASHI
Article type: Article
1993Volume 447 Pages
139-148
Published: May 30, 1993
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The inelastic behaviors of steel square-box beam-columns under varying tri-directional loads were experimentally studied. Assuming that the specimens were placed in a fictitious high-rise structural system, monotonic, cyclic, and pseudo-dynamic loading tests were performed. The varying axial load to be applied to the specimen was not given a priori but determined simultaneously at each loading step by solving the equilibrium equation of the whole structural system. Additionally, numerical analyses based on multi-spring inelastic joint model for the plastic zones of beam-columns were performed, and the simulated behaviors agreed well with the test results.
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Masami HANAI, Masayuki MIURA, Hiroyuki TAMAI
Article type: Article
1993Volume 447 Pages
149-158
Published: May 30, 1993
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By Typhoon 9119 passed through Chugoku district, the houses of Noh-butai, Noh-gakuya and Gakuboh of Itsukushima shrine were blown down, and the houses of Misen-hondoh and Nioh-mon gate were seriously damaged. Through the survey of the damage, it was clarified that the strong blast from Mt. Misen flew down along Daishoh-in route for climbing Mt. Misen and caused the damage to the houses of Itsukushima shrine. The collapse of Noh-butai house was caused by the failure of the connections of the columns with the upper and lower girders. The collapse wind speed was deduced as about 55 to 60 (m/s).
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Yoshifumi SAKUMOTO, Tanemi YAMAGUCHI, Tadayoshi OKADA, Masatomo YOSHID ...
Article type: Article
1993Volume 447 Pages
159-168
Published: May 30, 1993
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This paper presents experimental results of full-scale loaded heat tests and small-size heat tests of concrete-filled steel tubular columns (CFST columns) using Fire-Resistant steel (FR steel). By covering the tube surface with protection having lower insulation property, CFST columns could get longer fire resistance time by its heat capacity of the inner concrete and could resist to the bending moment caused by eccentric load without reinforcement by keeping the steel temperature lower than 600℃. Ceramic type protection, foaming type intumescent coating, gypsum plaster board, ceramic fiber and wet rockwool were used for the protection material.
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DISCUSSION ON "FORWARD PREDICTION MODEL OF EARTHQUAKE GROUND MOTION FOR SEISMIC DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS ON THE BASIS OF WAVE PROPAGATION THEORY AND SOURCE DYNAMICS" (Masahiro Kawano, Journal of Struct. Constr. Engng., AIJ, No.424, June, 1991) "VALIDATION STUDY OF FORWARD PREDICTION MODEL OF EARTHQUAKE GROUND MOTION FOR SEISMIC DESIGN OF STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS (1)" (Masahiro Kawano, Journal of Struct. Constr. Engng., AIJ, No.423, May, 1991)
Toshiaki SATO
Article type: Article
1993Volume 447 Pages
169-171
Published: May 30, 1993
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This paper presents the discussion to Prof. Kawano's papers (1991) in which a fundamental equation of theoretical ground motions was different from that has been established in long-period earthquake ground-motions in seismology. The discussed points are as follows : (1) Why was a Green's function used instead of its spatial derivative that is equal to a double couple which expresses a dislocation on a fault? (2) Why was a spatial derivative of a displacement source-function on a fault used instead of the displacement source-function ?
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Article type: Appendix
1993Volume 447 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1993Volume 447 Pages
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