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Article type: Cover
1993Volume 445 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1993Volume 445 Pages
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Article type: Index
1993Volume 445 Pages
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Article type: Index
1993Volume 445 Pages
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Article type: Index
1993Volume 445 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1993Volume 445 Pages
_1_-_3_
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Article type: Appendix
1993Volume 445 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1993Volume 445 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1993Volume 445 Pages
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Kuniyuki TOMATSURI, Kenji KUROHA, Norio MARUSHIMA
Article type: Article
1993Volume 445 Pages
1-10
Published: March 30, 1993
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Saturated or sealed specimen strength is used to evaluate the structure strength. But it is being revealed that the strength gain of structure which has history of higher temperature at early stage of hydration is lower and that saturated or sealed specimen strength is unable to evaluate it because of their big difference. As cement content of high strength concrete is very large and high strength concrete is applied to relatively larger member of structure, the temperature inside its structure is easy to be raised and strength gain is greatly affected. In that case heat insulated specimen strength is suitable to elvaluate the structure strength.
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Kiyoshi MURAKAMI, Koichi KISHITANI, Takayuki HIRAI
Article type: Article
1993Volume 445 Pages
11-18
Published: March 30, 1993
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The physical meaning of the fracture energy (G_f) is an energy release rate for a non-elastic body. The Gf is a sum of elastic and non-elastic energy release rates and is an applicable parameter to one instead of the J-integral. Experiments were conducted in order to investigate the propriety of the above considerations. Then the G_f was determined by means of measuring a repeated load-displacement curve with a notched plain concrete beam under three-point bending. As the results the following inspects were derived. The G_f agrees reasonably with the critical J-integral at the beginning of extension of a main crack, but during its stable growth the G_f increases monotonously with the increase of extension area.
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Hirozo MIHASHI, Toshiharu UMEOKA, Satoru MIURA
Article type: Article
1993Volume 445 Pages
19-25
Published: March 30, 1993
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A method to analyze fractured surfaces of cement based composite materials is introduced. In this study, we measured fractured surfaces of mortar after a wedge splitting test by using two types of equipment. Then we analyzed the properties of the fractured surface such as the real fractured surface area, distribution of the local angles and the fractal dimension. After analyzing the fractured surface, it is suggested that using the fractal dimension is a correct way to represent the real area of fractured surface, and distribution of the local angles of surface area is helpful for the realization of the fracture mechanism of cementitious composite materials.
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Hidekazu NISHIZAWA, Tomihisa UCHITA, Kiyoshi KANETA
Article type: Article
1993Volume 445 Pages
27-34
Published: March 30, 1993
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In this paper, the authors have discussed the dynamic response of a single story three-dimensional frame subjected to a bi-directional strong ground motion, obtained through a mewly developed ON-LINE simulation system composed of three digital actuators and a DBA simulator.
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Yoshiaki NAKAO
Article type: Article
1993Volume 445 Pages
35-43
Published: March 30, 1993
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Seismic responses of steel buildings with curtain walls having bilinear hysteresis restoring force characteristics are analysed. A modal method of analysis is applied to. the buildings idealized as multi-degree-of-freedom systems to obtain equivalent (non-linear) one-mass systems. An equivalent linealization method is also used to solve the equation of motion of the one-mass systems, and is shown to be practical enough to calculate the approximate responses of the buildings of ordinary sizes. An existing building is calculated by the method, and it is ascertained that accuracy is sufficient and calulation time is much decreased.
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Naoki SATAKE
Article type: Article
1993Volume 445 Pages
45-54
Published: March 30, 1993
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An estimation method of lateral distribution of repuired strength for preventing torsional vibration in irregular-shaped buildings is proposed. In this method, elastic torsional response properties are considered. Inelastic torsional earthquake response analyses are carried out for some irregular-shaped structures to investigate effectiveness of this method. Following results are obtained by this method: (1) distribution of ductility factor at each frame becomes uniform, (2) strength modification factor in terms of eccentricity in the present Japanese design standard can be lower, (3) distribution of large strength at high-rise part and small strength at low-rise part is appropriate in setback-type buildings.
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Satoshi IWAI, Akio KITAHARA
Article type: Article
1993Volume 445 Pages
55-65
Published: March 30, 1993
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This paper presents damage distribution of buildings in the cities of Watsonville and Santa Cruz near the epicenter of the Loma Prieta Earthquake of October 17, 1989, and clarifies relationships among damage levels, damage amount and structural properties of buildings based on a building-by-building survey. It is found that, (1) in Watsonville, old wooden houses, built before 1945, with cripple walls were most damaged; (2) in Santa Cruz, brick masonry structures suffered relatively high damage because of the old unreinforced construction; and (3) damage levels designated in the post-earthquake inspection are highly related to damage amount in terms of monetary loss.
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Koji UETANI, Tsuneyoshi NAKAMURA, Kiyotaka MORISAKO, Shuzo ISHIDA
Article type: Article
1993Volume 445 Pages
67-78
Published: March 30, 1993
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In the incremental analysis of the critical behavior of an elastic-plastic structure, a conventional iterative procedure for finding the set of element stiffness coefficients consistent with the material flow law may often lead to a pitfall of cyclic process, in which a multiple inconsistent sets of stiffness coefficients are to be alternately or recurrently selected. This is one of the most serious difficulties left unsolved in combined nonlinear analysis. In this paper, the intrinsic mechanism and characteristics of these cyclic processes are clarified for a simple rigid body-spring column model. On the basis of the results, an effective strategy for finding the consistent set is proposed with the use of the eigenvector associated with the smallest negative eigenvalue of system stiffness matrix.
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Kazuo KONDOH, Kensuke NAKAKURA, Xue-Feng WANG, Masami HANAI
Article type: Article
1993Volume 445 Pages
79-91
Published: March 30, 1993
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Elasto-plastic and collapse behavior of structural steel beam-columns with H-cross section subjected to repeated variable bending around the strong axis under a constant axial force are analytically and unifiedly investigated. A new method, its basic ideas and fundamental formulation are given in the authors' previous papers, is applied to a beam-column with H-cross section under repeated variable bending, and the explicit expressions for the elasto-plastic behavior are derived. Several specific characteristics of the H-cross section are indicated in comparison with the rectangular one. Also, the incremental collapse limits, which are related to divergence phenomenon of the axial strain, are examined.
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Yoshinori MATSUMOTO, Koichiro YAMADA
Article type: Article
1993Volume 445 Pages
93-103
Published: March 30, 1993
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When a timber beam reinforced with steel plates attached by metal connectors and simply supported at both ends is extended outside of the span, stresses and strains of the reinforced beam in the span are considered to differ from those of simply supported beam at both ends. This paper deals with the elastic analysis of a reinforced timber beam with extra length outside of the span. The effects of extra length on the elastic behavior of a reinforced timber beam are relatively great and shear force of metal connectors, bending moment and deflection of the beam decrease considerably.
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Tsuyoshi MORIMURA, Yoshinobu FUJITANI, Mitsuo NAKAHARA
Article type: Article
1993Volume 445 Pages
105-113
Published: March 30, 1993
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In general the ultimate strength of reinforced concrete slabs shows larger values than the bending strength obtained from the yield line theory of Johansen. The cause of this difference is explained as an arching action due to the development of compression membrane forces in the slab. Relevantly in this report we describe the derivation of equations of load-deflection curves capable of reflecting the degree of restraint of both rotation and horizontal movement of- edge-restrained reinforced concrete slabes. Then we compare the curves resulting from the equations with experimental curves. As a result, the curve of calculated values is generally in a fairly good agreement with the curve of experimental values.
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Masahiro HINO, Kohya SAKAJIRI, Yoshizo DOBASHI
Article type: Article
1993Volume 445 Pages
115-125
Published: March 30, 1993
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This report estimates the ultimate load-bearing capacity of r/c floor slabs as it depends on their position in the framework supporting them. The estimation resorts to the modified Park method and the Johansen method both based on the yield-line theory, while comparing with available data of the experiment at Illinois University together with the authors' corresponding test results. The report also examines the extent of the effect of compressive membrane stress on the above load-bearing capacity, referring as well to how it differs between the cases of those structures being subject to uniformly distributed loading and concentrated loading.
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Morihisa FUJIMOTO, Tsuneo NAMBA, Tadao NAKAGOMI, Takashi NISHIYAMA, Hi ...
Article type: Article
1993Volume 445 Pages
127-137
Published: March 30, 1993
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Braces in steel structures are one of the most important element for earthquake proofing. This paper deal with, therefore, one procedure to estimate effective cross section area statistically with multiple regression analysis. Some explanatory variables are decided in this estimation by full scale static experiment of steel braces. Furthermore, scatter in these cross section areas to nominal cross section area, and scatter in yield ratio of steel materials are investigated in order to introduce some conditions for ultimate resistance design in which influences of dynamic effects are considered for earthquake proof design.
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Satoshi IWAI, Yeon-Soo PARK, Taijiro NONAKA, Hiroyuki KAMEDA
Article type: Article
1993Volume 445 Pages
139-149
Published: March 30, 1993
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An experimental investigation has been performed on very low-cycle fatigue failure of steel angles under repeated loading. The objective of this study is to extract decisive factors causing cracks and rupture in the course of loading repetitions of the order of a few to twenty cycles. Visible cracks were initiated on the concave side of the bending deformation when it was stretching. Energy dissipation capacity depends heavily on the entire history of loading, failure mode, slenderness ratio and width-to-thickness ratio. Residual strains at the outbreak of a crack were of the order of 25〜40 %, irrespective of the test parameters.
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Susumu KUWAHARA, Motohide TADA, Takaya YONEYAMA, Katsuhiko IMAI
Article type: Article
1993Volume 445 Pages
151-158
Published: March 30, 1993
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The double-tube member presented here consists of outer circular tube and inner circular tube which has shorter length than the outer. The outer tube resists axial force and inner tube restrains lateral displacement of outer tube by bending resistance. The results obtained from the axial loading test to confirm laterally stiffening effect of inner tube are as follows. Inner tube with suitable strength and stiffness prevents buckling of the member in elasto-plastic range and the remarkable axial deformation of the member is obtained beyond yield load without any decrease of loading both under monotonic and repeated loading.
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Tetsuro ONO, Kazuto ISHIDA, Mamoru IWATA
Article type: Article
1993Volume 445 Pages
159-168
Published: March 30, 1993
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A new truss joint system with rectangular hollow sections was developed to increase the efficiency of truss joints in rectangular hollow section truss structures. This paper describes the experimental study of K-joints in the new joint system, discusses the ultimate strength, deformation and stress of the K-joints, and demonstrates the features and validity of the new joint system. The experimental results are organized to derive equations for estimating the ultimate strength of the K-joints. The values of ultimate strength estimated by the equations are found to closely agree with the observed values of ultimate strength.
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Article type: Appendix
1993Volume 445 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1993Volume 445 Pages
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