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Article type: Cover
1993Volume 444 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1993Volume 444 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1993Volume 444 Pages
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Article type: Index
1993Volume 444 Pages
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Article type: Index
1993Volume 444 Pages
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Article type: Index
1993Volume 444 Pages
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Yoshitsugu NOZAKI, Tomozo SOSHIRODA, Koichi KOBAYASHI
Article type: Article
1993Volume 444 Pages
1-6
Published: February 28, 1993
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Relationship between strength estimated by non-destructive testing and core strength in six buildings aged 2〜 50 years were investigated. Non-destructive tests used in the investigation were ultrasonic, rebound and combined methods. It was found from the results that the estimation equation by combined method obtained previously through the experiment using full scale model structures can be applied to aged buildings by using, the correction factor 0.54.
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Toshiyuki ITO, Tsukasa TOMABECHI, Masayuki HOSHINO
Article type: Article
1993Volume 444 Pages
7-12
Published: February 28, 1993
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The deterioration of paint-coated steel sheets which are used as roofing materials for heavy snowfall area in Japan, has been investigated with special attention to their morphological changes in the microscopic surface. Some samples of them were taken from the roofs of dwelling houses to make a microscopic observation and measure the surface roughness of the sheets. The result shows that the surface roughness of paint layer gradually increases in depth till about five years. Afterwards, from that time till about fifteen years there is little change of the surface roughness, however, after that, more rapid change occurres on surface due to rust that causes the sheets swell their thickness. It also reveals that there is a big difference in the surface roughness of the sheet on steep sloping roofs between the even roofs. Not only slight damage but also abrasions have been noticed on the film in proportion to the direction of the roof slope. This paper obviously proves to have something to do with snow and ice on the roof.
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Ki KOH, Koichi TAKANASHI
Article type: Article
1993Volume 444 Pages
13-22
Published: February 28, 1993
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Up to now, the analysis of structural reliability under the combination loads has been studied for evaluating the probability distribution of the maximum load effect over a given time period. The paper describes a new analytical method in the evaluation of structural reliability or safety index under the combination loads by computing the statistics for the residual strength of structures with the concept of non-failure. effect without searching the probability distribution for the maximum load effect.
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Nariyasu YAMADA, Akira NISHITANI
Article type: Article
1993Volume 444 Pages
23-31
Published: February 28, 1993
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In this paper the H^∞ control is discussed. This theory is characterized by the employment of the H^∞ norm of the transfer functions as a control object. That makes it easy to deal with robust stability. The theory has two approaches: one is an analytical approach on the basis of the transfer function, and the other is an algebraic approach directly starting from the state equation. This paper presents an application of the latter approach to a single-degree-of-freedom structural system, comparing with the results based on the LQG control theory.
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Takuji KOBORI, Shuichi KAMAGATA
Article type: Article
1993Volume 444 Pages
33-41
Published: February 28, 1993
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The placement of the active controllers (AC) is one of the important issues, in the research of the active seismic response control. As the placement method of the Active Adjustable Stiffness system (A 2 S 2), an interstory linkage method is adopted, and an interstory displacement (IS) control and a typical point displacement (TP) control are defined as the selfbalancing adaptive control. These control algorithms as well as the placement mode and the extent of the adjustable, stiffness values are the design parameters for the A 2 S 2, and we obtained the seismic response, process by the numerical analysis with these design parameters to show the required performance property of the A 2 S 2. Furthermore we evaluate the seismic response process by means of the nonstationary power spectra. Also we proposed the multi-point control for the TP control to reduce the higher vibration mode.
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Koichi KOBAYASHI, Shintaro YAO
Article type: Article
1993Volume 444 Pages
43-51
Published: February 28, 1993
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This paper deals with the dynamic compliance of pile group considering the nonlinear behavior of the ground around piles in the horizontal direction. It is shown that the analysis based on the conventional elastic wave theory are not enough to predict the dynamic behavior of piles since they do not take into account both the effect of slip and/or separation between the pile surface and the surrounding ground and the nonlinear behavior of the ground near the pile. So as to improve the analysis, a new element is proposed, which is represented as a compliance function which can be obtained from a static loading test result of a single pile. The modified analytical method is compared with the test results and is shown to be effective.
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Toshiro SUZUKI, Toshiyuki OGAWA, Isao KUBODERA, Kikuo IKARASHI
Article type: Article
1993Volume 444 Pages
53-62
Published: February 28, 1993
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The purpose of this paper is to examine the elasto-plastic buckling behavior of a single layer reticulated dome subjected to a static load at the center of the dome. The nonlinear analytical and the experimental study of a shallow dome were carried out. The type of buckling concerned here is the snap-through of the dome. The results of the experimental study were compared with the numerical analysis. It is emphasized that the joint characteristics as well as the material non-linearity have significant effects upon the buckling behavior of a dome.
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Kiyonori KIKUTAKE, Gengo MATSUI
Article type: Article
1993Volume 444 Pages
63-72
Published: February 28, 1993
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Uniformly loaded shallow shells whose shape conforms to an elastic membrane inflated by internal (air) pressure are often referred to as membrane shells. They are advantageous since no bending moments but only axial (membrane) stresses occur. In the present paper, membrane shells are defined analytically on circular, elliptical, and various regular-polygonal boundaries. The analytical results are verified by membrane tests, whereas the deflections of the inflated membranes are mapped by using a reflection-type Moire method. Design applications are introduced and cases of some irregular boundaries are also dealt with.
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Akio HORI, Kazushi SHIMAZAKI, Akira WADA
Article type: Article
1993Volume 444 Pages
73-82
Published: February 28, 1993
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A 1/100 scale model of a double-layered space truss designed for a long-span retractable roof was tested under transverse directional horizontal load. Its rise-span ratio is about 0.20 and members were made of copper pipes. A preliminary study on a lattice member buckling in a simple truss showed that its strength was almost the same as if both ends were fully fixed. In the overall model test, lattice bucklings were first observed with the chords becoming buckled or damaged later. The overall strength caluculated from a macroscopic model around the above mentioned portion concurred well with the experimental results.
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Shuzo SUZUKI
Article type: Article
1993Volume 444 Pages
83-94
Published: February 28, 1993
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The effects of cross-wall and vertical load on the lateral stiffness of the building are demonstrated using the one-third models consisted of no-opening bearing walls to which the floor joists are installed in perpendicular. The effects are examined' in terms of Apparent Shear Strain, Actual Shear Strain and Rotation Angle. The results indicate that the cross-walls exert a greater influence on the lateral stiffness of building rather than the vertical load, and that Actual Shear Stiffness closely relates to the distribution of shear strains for the plywpod-sheathings of walls.
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Kazushi SHIMAZAKI, Akira WADA
Article type: Article
1993Volume 444 Pages
95-104
Published: February 28, 1993
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Nonlinear displacement response of reinforced concrete structure is investigated by a parametric study of SDOF system with appropriate hysteresis properties and ground motions used commonly in the design. The result shows that the maximum value of the nonlinear displacement response can be divided into two regions by a set of dimensionless parameters defined by strength, initial period and the type of ground motion. The maximum value of the nonlinear displacement response of the system in region I would be less than the smoothed displacement spectral value with 2 % damping. The nonlinear displacement responses for typical buildings are shown for historical ground motion records using this result.
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Koji OGAWA, Yoshiaki KUROBANE, Minoru YAMANARI, Mitsumasa TSUNODA, Aki ...
Article type: Article
1993Volume 444 Pages
105-114
Published: February 28, 1993
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Test results of composite lattice girders with concrete slabs and companion steel girders under cyclic antisymmetrical bending loads are discussed. Significant conclusions may be summarized as follows: (1) The effective length factor for lateral buckling of the lower chord is reduced owing to an restraining effect supplied by the concrete slab. (2) By using assumptions that a plane section remains plane during bending, simple equations can be formulated to predict the elastic stiffness and ultimate bending capacity of composite lattice girders with good accuracy. (3) Since upper chords of composite lattice girders are prevented from buckling by slabs, one end of a lower chord buckles while the other end is forced to yield in tension. Therefore, composite lattice girders show more stable post-buckling hysteretic behavior over steel girders.
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Ben KATO, Tetsuro INOUE
Article type: Article
1993Volume 444 Pages
115-123
Published: February 28, 1993
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The plastic deformation capacity of welded steel hollow section members subjected to bending and combined bending and axial compression is analysed theoretically, and the test results are compared with this theoretical prediction. Steel material used is the newly developed high-strength steel with lower yield ratio. Dimensions of sections are so selected that the maximum strength and deformation capacity are governed by the local buckling of plate elements. In the theoretical prediction, the deformation capacity is related to the width-to-thickness ratios of section elements. Therefore the width-to-thickness ratio limitation can be obtained if the required rotation capacity of member is assigned.
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Hitoshi KUWAMURA, Hiroshi AKIYAMA, Satoshi YAMADA, Jung-Cheng CHIU
Article type: Article
1993Volume 444 Pages
125-133
Published: February 28, 1993
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This research aims at clarifying the effects of cold press-bending on the mechanical properties of steel plates in order to reason the fact that brittle fracture has been witnessed in recent experiments of steel box-columns produced by cold press-forming. The changes in mechanical properties were investigated in the press-bent corner and its welded joint to a diaphragm plate. It was found that the cold press-bending causes the increase in strength, the decrease in ductile elongation capacity, and the remarkable reduction in impact energy absorption in the outer surface. However, these unfavorable mechanical properties related to brittle fracture were completely recovered by postheating of 850℃-normalizing.
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Satoshi YAMADA, Hiroshi AKIYAMA, Hitoshi KUWAMURA
Article type: Article
1993Volume 444 Pages
135-143
Published: February 28, 1993
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An analytical method to predict load-deformation curves of box-section steel beams and beam-columns governed by local-buckling is proposed. The box-section includes three types of manufacturing, i. e., corner welding, roll-forming, and press-forming. The predicted load-deformation relations can cover the post-buckling and deteriorating ranges. In this analyis, stress-strain relations of stub-columns are applied to the compressive part of the section under compression and bending. The stub-column behaviors employed in this analysis are statistically investigated on the basis of 112 specimens in the previous research. This analytical method is verified by comparing the analytical solutions with experimental results.
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Kenji HOTTA
Article type: Article
1993Volume 444 Pages
145-152
Published: February 28, 1993
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In the present paper, we will report general characteristics of the volume of sea-salt particles found in the air at coastal areas with sand beaches based on measurements conducted on-location. In particular, we will report differences in the incidence of airborne salt particles based on regional characteristics such as beach configuration and weather conditions of various coastal areas. In addition we will present data that sugest that the impact of wave height on the incidence of sea: salt particles in the air is even stronger than that of wind speed. Finally, we will offer evidence to support that changes in sea level between low and high tide do not have a great impact on the incidence of sea salt particles in the air.
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Takeo MATSUMOTO
Article type: Article
1993Volume 444 Pages
153-154
Published: February 28, 1993
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This discussion expresses doubts on the authors' claims that periodic vortex shedding occurs on rigid models and that the onset velocities of oscillation correspond to vortex shedding frequencies.
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REPLY TO Dr. MATSUMOTO'S DOUBTS ON THE AUTHERS' CLAIMS : Journal of Struct. Constr. Engng., AIJ, No.438, 1992(DISCUSSION ON "A FUNDAMENTAL STUDY OF AERODYNAMIC EXCITATION OF SUSPENDED ROOFS, PART 2, ON RELATION BETWEEN SHED VORTICES AND OCCURRENCE OF EXCITATION" : Miyake and Yoshimura, Journal of Struct. Constr. Engng., AIJ, No.438, Aug., 1992)
Akiharu MIYAKE, Takeshi YOSHIMURA
Article type: Article
1993Volume 444 Pages
155-156
Published: February 28, 1993
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This paper replies to Dr. Matsumoto's doubts on the authros' claims. The experimental results showed that the separated shear layer on the stationary model had a broad-band spectrum with a peak, the characteristics of which mean the periodic vortices were shedding on the model, and that the inverse of vortex shedding frequencies corresponded to the onset wind speed of the excitation. Therefore, it can be concluded that the excitation is due to vortex shedding.
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Article type: Appendix
1993Volume 444 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1993Volume 444 Pages
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