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Article type: Cover
1993Volume 450 Pages
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Published: August 30, 1993
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Article type: Cover
1993Volume 450 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
1993Volume 450 Pages
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Article type: Index
1993Volume 450 Pages
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Article type: Index
1993Volume 450 Pages
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Article type: Index
1993Volume 450 Pages
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Hirozo MIHASHI, Takeshi NARITA, Kazunobu HIRAI
Article type: Article
1993Volume 450 Pages
1-6
Published: August 30, 1993
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A probabilistic model was proposed to predict the life time of concrete subjected to frost damage. This model is based on the assumption that the frost damage is caused by microcrack .accumulation that is measured as the relation between the reduced relative dynamic modulus of elasticity and the freeze-thaw cycles. Three types of experiments were carried out to prove the applicability at the model. First is performed with mortar to study the influence of temperature. Second is carried out by RILEM-rriethod to study, the influence of moisture content. Third is done with mortar and concrete to study the influence of heterogeneity of the material structure. These experimental results were analyzed with this model. The reduction rate of relative dynamic modulus of elasticity was discussed as a function of the lowest temperature, the moisture content and material structures.
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Hidenori ONO, Takamasa MIKAMI, Sunao TAKAKI, Yutaka YOKOYAMA, Hiroshi ...
Article type: Article
1993Volume 450 Pages
7-14
Published: August 30, 1993
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The purpose of this study is standardization of substances adhered to floors as standard testing conditions of slipperiness of floors. First, we grouped actual substances into four classes. In case of "sand and dust" and "mud and water", we measured the actual quantities and Coefficient of Slip Resistance (C.S.R) of them on floors. Next, we considered several substitutes of them, and measured C. S. R of the substitutes on floors. In case of "oil" and "washing agents", we selected typical substances and measured C.S.R of them on floors. Finally, we presented standard substances and their standard quantities from the viewpoint of safety.
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Satoshi ARIKAWA, Kazunobu HIRAI, Hirozo MIHASHI
Article type: Article
1993Volume 450 Pages
15-23
Published: August 30, 1993
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In this paper we deal with the relation between man and building finishing materials as interface. As the case study for the cognitive engineering for architecture, we tried a few investigations about the frequency of children's touch on the building elements in some elementary schools. As the results, the following conclusions were obtained '. the finishing materials make the difference of the frequency ; a strong relation is recognized between children's postures, for example sitting or lying on the floor, and the floor finishing materials ; "affordance" proposed by Gibson, J. J. may exist in building finishing materials.
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Shuji SAKURAI, Osamu JOH
Article type: Article
1993Volume 450 Pages
25-35
Published: August 30, 1993
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Sufficient data of roof snow depths for structural design are not available because there are difficulties in measuring the intensity and distribution of snow depths by climbing onto roofs. Especially, on sloped roofs, snow sliding caused by the measurement technique makes the long-term measurement almost impossible in some cases. In the present paper, the method of aerial photogrammetry is discussed to be applicable in surveying snow depths on roofs over a broad area. First, measurement errors of roof snow depths by aerial photogrammetry are investigated. Then, examples are shown in applying to the measurements of snow depths on various types of roofs.
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Yuzo SHINOZAKI, Takuji KOBORI, Mitsuru NAKAMURA, Ichiro NAGASHIMA, Mas ...
Article type: Article
1993Volume 450 Pages
37-47
Published: August 30, 1993
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A full-scale five-story steel frame building was tested dynamically by means of a servohydraulictype vibrator to evalnate experimentally the soil-structure interaction effect. The test building consists of 6 pieces of isolated concrete footings, a five-story steel frame and concrete slabs. It is 15m long in E-W direction, 3.75m wide in N-S direction, and 17.4m high as shown in Fig. 1. A servohydraulic-type vibrator instead of a centrifugal-type vibrator was used to force the building and footings to vibrate. First of all, the building was forced to vibrate by means of the vibrator located on the roof or the first floor to examine the effect of excitation at different levels on the dynamic characteristics of the building. Excitation at the first floor makes not only the fundamental frequency increase, but also the damping ratio decrease compared with them to excitation at the roof. It is noted that the first floor response to excitation at the first floor level decreases in the neighborhood of the frequency corresponding to the resonant frequency of the building with the fixed base.
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Koichiro ASANO, Hajime NAKAGAWA
Article type: Article
1993Volume 450 Pages
49-57
Published: August 30, 1993
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This paper develops an analytical approach to the estimation of seismic random response of elasto-plastic systems under active saturation control force. The seismic excitation is idealized as stationary non-white random process, the active control force as a velocity feedback type one with saturation characteristics and the structural model as a s. d. o. f. system with bilinear hysteretic characteristics. The hysteretic and saturation characteristics are replaced with linear ones using an equivalent linearization technique. Some numerical calculations are carried out, and the results are presented concerning the effect of the saturation of control force and the nonlinearity of systems on seismic response quantities.
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Hiroshi AKIYAMA, Zhi Yong YANG, Haruyuki KITAMURA
Article type: Article
1993Volume 450 Pages
59-69
Published: August 30, 1993
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The loading effect of earthquakes to structures is evaluated in terms of energy spectra. The energy spectra of seismic motions in the deep rock is assumed to be of the simplest form. The seismic motions in the deep rock are amplified due to the process of wave propagation through base rocks and sedimentary soils upon the rock. The well-established wave propagation theory is applied to the seismic motions in the deep rock and the energy spectra for the surface seismic motions are estimated for the practical design purposes.
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Mitsuo MIZOGUCHI, Yasuyuki ARAI
Article type: Article
1993Volume 450 Pages
71-80
Published: August 30, 1993
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This paper reports experimental results of reinforced concrete L-shaped section shear walls with varying horizontal loading direction. The deforming directions of the walls subject to horizontal forces are five directions dividing the angle of the weak axis from the strong axis into four equal angles. The results are as follows : (1) Initial stiffness and cracking loads remarkably change with varying deforming direction. (2) The flexural strength can be calculated by the eq. (3), considering the projected position of steel after projecting L-shaped section on a line of deforming .direction. (3) Each shear strength of two walls of L-shaped section shear walls decreases as the out-of-plane deformation becomes larger.
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Daisuke KATO
Article type: Article
1993Volume 450 Pages
81-88
Published: August 30, 1993
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This paper reports on the evaluation method of the inelastic deformation capacity of reinforced concrete square columns confined by various reinforcement, subjected to shear force, flexural moment and high axial force. The concrete model was developed, taking into account the effects of the concrete strength, the diameter and spacing of hoops, the hoop strength, the hoop shape (hoop with hook or spiral) and the presence of interior ties. Moment-curvature relations calcu- lated using the concrete models with some modifications were compared with experiments and found to be useful to evaluate the ultimate deformation of the members.
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Hisahiro HIRAISHI, Tatsuya IMANISHI, Hiroshi FUKUYAMA, Yoshinari TANAK ...
Article type: Article
1993Volume 450 Pages
89-98
Published: August 30, 1993
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This paper reports the experimental and analytical results and their discussion of isolated multistory reinforced concrete shear walls subjected to bilateral deformations under axial load. When shear walls were subjected to bilateral deformations, the axial compressive strain in the compression-side boundary column developed during out-of-plane loading as well as in-plane loading, and their deformation capacity was dominated by compression failure of the panel wall where compressive strain of concrete in panel wall reached to the strain incapable of bearing any compression force, beyond the strain at its maximum strength. This strain development caused poor deformation capacity of shear walls subjected to bilateral deformations. However, this resist : ing mechanism of concrete in panel wall to axial force during out-of-plane loading delayed compression failure of boundary columns of shear walls subjected to bilateral deformations under high axial load.
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Hiroshi MUGURUMA, Seiichi WATANABE
Article type: Article
1993Volume 450 Pages
99-108
Published: August 30, 1993
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In the previous paper, the authors derived the calculation formulae of axial and rotating creep deformations of prestressed and reinforced concrete members by assuming that the creep strain of plain concrete consists of delayed elastic and flow creep strains, and also, the equivalent creep factors for a member to be applicable into the creep deformation analysis of member had been defined. In this study, using the previous analytical results, the basic formulae of the slop deflection method to apply into the creep stress and strain analysis of statically indeterminate prestressed concrete frame stractures were derived.
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Toshiro SUZUKI, Katsuji KIMURA, Shojiro MOTOYUI
Article type: Article
1993Volume 450 Pages
109-116
Published: August 30, 1993
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This paper describes the elastbplastic buckling behavior ofrsteel plates with circular hole. In any numerical scheme used for the analysis of elastoplastic problems it becomes necessary to integrate the constitive equations governing material behavior. Thus, we describe the method to calculate stresses exactly in range of plastic flow. The analytical model is a perfect elastoplastic thin plate with circular hole under shear force. As a result of numerical analysis, we clarify the buckling strength and necessary width thick- ness ratio to carry yield strength for such a plate.
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Takafumi MIYAMA, Hiroshi AKIYAMA
Article type: Article
1993Volume 450 Pages
117-125
Published: August 30, 1993
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The total energy input exerted by an earthquake is a very stable amount which is mainly influenced by the total mass and the fundamental natural period of structure. On the other hand, the damage distribution is very sensitive to the strength distribution of structure. When the top story of the multi-story frame is sufficiently weaker than the other stories, the total damage can be concentrated in the top story, leaving the other stories undamaged. To realize such a structure, the top story must be equipped with flexible slender columns supporting vertical loads and the relatively stiff elements which can absorb almost all of energy input. This paper investigates experimentally the ultimate load-carrying capacity of flexible slender columns under large amplitude of translational deflections. As a result, a high possibility of.such a type of structure is demonstrated.
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Keiji HIRAI, Nobuyoshi UNO
Article type: Article
1993Volume 450 Pages
127-134
Published: August 30, 1993
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The results of two types experiments on high strength bolted connections with filled up resin in bolt hole clearance are described herein. These two experiments are slip tests and statical two way loading tests. The resins are methacrylate resins and three strength types of resins are adopted. And in these experiments, size of bolt hole clearance, initial clamping force, thickness of plate, condition of friction surface and position of bolt shank in bolt hole are also adopted as the factors of experiments. The results would be used as useful data to design the high strength bolted connections with filled up resin.
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Yasushi OKA, Osami SUGAWA, Hiroshi UENO
Article type: Article
1993Volume 450 Pages
135-142
Published: August 30, 1993
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Model fire experiments were carried out to characterize the properties of fire plume given by a diffusion flame in an enclosure with downward air flow. Using methylalcohol as a fuel, a pool fire source providing three different fire size of φ100, 150 or 200mm was used with a downward velocities of .25 and 45 cm/sec. The decreasing mode for both excess temperature and velocity along the vertical flow axis revealed the same modes observed in the free boundary condition. The horizontal plume radius estimated from the temperature showed much wider than that from up-ward velocity distribution in an enclosure with a downward flow. The horizontal distribution of excess temperature was approximated by Gaussian distribution.
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Article type: Appendix
1993Volume 450 Pages
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Article type: Cover
1993Volume 450 Pages
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