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Volume 61 (2021)
- Issue 2 Pages 33-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 61, Issue 1
Displaying 1-4 of 4 articles from this issue
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Junya Kobayashi2021 Volume 61 Issue 1 Pages 1-5
Published: 2021
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2021
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAfter the accident of Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, many people in Japan have a concern about biological effect with low dose and low dose rate radiation. In such situation, some people also have concerns to radiation usage for diagnostics and therapies. As the current amendment of medical law provides the rules of radiation diagnostics strictly, medical workers, treating radiation for medical, have to understand the biological effects with exposure to ionizing radiation to explain the effects of medical radiation to patients.
Acute irradiation of high dose radiation induces several types of DNA damages. Among of them, DNA doble-strand breaks （DSBs） are most serious damages to cells and constructing organs, because remaining of DSB damages could lead to cell death, subsequently dysfunction of organs （deterministic effects）. Therefore, living beings are developing DNA repair systems such as non-homologous end-joining and homologous recombination. Miss-repair and non-repair could generate gene mutation, and subsequently lead to tumorigenesis （stochastic effects）.
Exposure of radiation also causes excess accumulation of ROS （reactive oxygen species）/oxidative stress, which may lead to biological effects of low dose rate radiation. We found that mitochondria damage contributed to accumulation of ROS and activation of oxidative stress in human normal fibroblasts under low dose rate irradiation. We also observed that low dose rate irradiation also caused gamma-H2AX positive micronuclei in the presence of ATM inhibitor. As ATM is an important protein kinase of oxidative stress responses as well as DNA damage responses, anti-oxidative stress function may be important to repress micronuclei formation. In order to provide relief to concerning people, we have to clarify the biological effects of low dose and low dose rate radiation more.View full abstractDownload PDF (1232K) -
Keiko Soma2021 Volume 61 Issue 1 Pages 6-11
Published: 2021
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2021
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSI introduce the diagnosis and treatment of the lacrimal drainage system obstruction which causes epiphora.
The obstruction of the lacrimal drainage pathway at any point from the punctum to the nasolacrimal duct induces epiphora. Not only ophthalmologic factors but also rhinological factors such as a post-maxillary sinus surgery cause the obstruction.
In recent years, a number of researchers have reported the obstruction due to the side effects of oral anticancer drug TS1.
Slit lamp microscopy examination, irrigation test, dacryoendoscopy and dacryocystgraphy are used to diagnose this disease. Small-diameter dacryoendoscope enabled us to observe the inside condition of lacrimal passage. Corn Beam CT dacryocystography is available for diagnosis of the obstructed site of tear route and paranasal sinuses disease.
Re-opening or making a new tear route through the lacrimal drainage pathway can relieve the epiphora. Dacryoendoscopic surgery for the obstruction without severe inflammation is one of the initial methods to penetrate the stenosis and obstruction of the lacrimal drainage pathway.
There are two methods, endoscopic endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy （END-DCR） and external dacryocystorhinostomy （EXT-DCR）, which make a new tear route. Both methods have been accepted technique and showed high success rates, especially for obstructions at the nasolacrimal duct. However, clinical comfort defined by patients is higher in END-DCR. A sutureless surgical area with less pain is advantage of this method.View full abstractDownload PDF (1696K)
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Mamiko Fujikura, Shin Nakamura, Junichi Asaumi, Tohru Kurabayashi2021 Volume 61 Issue 1 Pages 12-15
Published: 2021
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2021
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSialolithiasis is one of the most common salivary gland diseases. Most salivary calculi occur in Wharton’s duct. Salivary calculi can cause salivary duct obstruction, resulting in acute or chronic salivary gland swelling. However, some kinds of salivary gland tumors and hemangiomas are known to exhibit intratumoral calcification. Herein, we present a case of sialolithiasis of the submandibular gland that mimicked a salivary gland tumor accompanied by multiple calculi. A 56-year-old male patient was referred to our hospital because of diffuse swelling of the right submandibular region accompanied by pain and dysphagia. Panoramic radiography revealed multiple radiopaque structures in the right submandibular region. Plain computed tomography （CT） and magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） were performed to confirm the locations of salivary calculi and the extent of the surrounding soft-tissue inflammation. The CT and MR images suggested the presence of a heterogenous space-occupying lesion, containing multiple calcifications, in the oral floor. Therefore, we suspected a malignant salivary gland tumor accompanied by multiple calcifications and inflammation of the surrounding soft tissue. A second CT examination was performed for surgical planning after antiphlogistic treatment. The CT images showed that the lesion had shrunk, and the calcifications had moved along Wharton’s duct. These findings suggested a diagnosis of sialolithiasis rather than a tumorous lesion. The enucleation of both the sublingual and submandibular glands was performed, and a final diagnosis of sialolithiasis and sialadenitis of both glands was made. A follow-up examination showed no recurrence after 12 months.View full abstractDownload PDF (410K)
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Yuichi Miyamura, Masafumi Oda, Tatsuro Tanaka, Nao Wakasugi-Sato, Shin ...2021 Volume 61 Issue 1 Pages 16-18
Published: 2021
Released on J-STAGE: September 30, 2021
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (437K)
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