The author considered the cultures of the abilities for the scientific consideration, thought the centre of the science education, at first' on the point of view of the scientific philosophy, and then, on an another point of the mechanism of the electric computer, at last on the point of audio-visual method (theory of recognision). Then I concluded that; each step due to the theory of science research method, is not parallel, but aditive. Although I knew only empirically the fact that the higher the step goes, the longer the time of consideration extends. This fact is also proved theoretically by above result. Then in the background of the acts of consideration, there is intuition, in another word, we handled this intuition as the founelation, and the consideration works on this basis. Next, we recognize the object and describe it,then we divide it into classes. In this case, I found that the logical method may be applied, and in upper step, so to say, "theoretical method," the indnctive method is used for making the working hypothesis, and in this case, I found that the mettod of "John Stuart Mill," may be used. And in future, another interesting result may be found, if we continue to study this theory on the above, several points. Then I wish to apply these results in the case of making the curricurum for science teaching, actually in classes and prove it.

The law "On the common educational fa cilities in the various types of schools", which had been promu-lated by the Ministry of education of the Russian Federation, are stated in the magazine‘‘физика в школе (physic in school)". Based on this law, the author examines the condition of the educational facilities of science education in USSR, and the results of the examination are as following : l. Generally speaking, the condition of the educational facilities for science education in USSR has about the same standard of the condition in Japan. 2. The teaching instruments which are closely tied with production such as the electrical instruments are provided fuller than those in the Japanease, schools. 3. The educational facilities in higher schools are more complete as compared with them in Japan, whereas in the lower schools in USSR they are just reverse. 4. The facilities of school in city are much more excellent than those in rural districts. 5. The number of expensive instruments are rather few but the number of the instruments that are cheap and often used by many students in frontary expeliments are larger. 6. The future plan of completion for those instruements is to provide all the experimental instruments as soon as possible, prescribed in the draft.

1. It has often been said that the experiments play important parts in the promotion of science learning. Furthermore, the writer will here present another function of experiments which has not been thought of. Experiments and observation perform an important function in cultivating "active reading comprehension," which is formed by means of repeating experiments in cooperation with cerebrum, sensory organs and motor organs like hands. lt also means a functional reading comprehension, which is provoked by the harmonious and coincident excitement of association area, sensory area, and motor area in cerebrum. Also from the viewpoints of physiology of cerebrum, it is clear that the function above mentioned is fostered chiefly by experiments. And we cannot overlook the teachers' recognition of this, for it can largely be a chieved when teachers have a correct understanding of it. I believe this comprehension is very important for the moderns who must efficiently suck in much knowledge from many printings, and use many tools and machines. II. lt is widely known that the Audio Visual Method is important because it provokes efficiency in learning. But the fact that this method has a remarkable effect on formal cultivation as well is sometimes underrated. III. Audio Vidual Method and experiments have the functions of their own, so we should utilize them always thinking of their peculiar functions, not inclining to the one side only.

In the present work, the experimental comparison for the following two process of teaching for "Action of Air" in the second grade of primary school is done. I In the case of the teaching process, "Action of Air" → "Existence ofAir" → "Weight of Air" (the ordinary teaching process in the many textbooks). II In the case of the teaching process, "Existence of Air" → "Action of Air" → "Weight of Air." From the results of the investi gations on the actual state of the recognition for "Air" of the children in the 1st~6th grades, the poorness of the recognition is clarified unexpectedly. In the view of this actual state of the recognition, the teaching process II is considered to more effective for the understanding and the grasping of "Action of Air" than the process I. Then, the superiority of the teaching process II is statistically confirmed.

At present, we have many books concerned with science teaching, and a large number of methods have been reported refering to the observation and experiment. Science teaching is widely prevalent in almost all the countries of the world from the first stage of school education, and the reports on devices and practices in this province must be numerous by the teachers or others engaging in the guidance or research of education. Besides, from the standpoints of natural scientists and engineers many effective devices are suggested as to the method of experiment. Moreover, from the side of instrument or apparatus makers, a number of methods are proposed. As a matter of fact, however, the in service teachers are too busy to examine those numerous methods closely; they are prevented from the examination under the pressure of the busy management of their imminient teaching materials. It is desired that we can examine the papers of forerunners' work effectively within a short time in order to systematize the research methods of science teaching. Accordingly it will be necessary to complete the list of references on these subjects. For the first of this study, the author has taken up The Science Education Monthly edited by The Japan Science Teaching Society. He has tried the investigation and classification of the ideas of observation and experiment reported in The Monthly. He has picked up 600 items from the 126 monthlies (No.1, Sept. 1952-No.126, Feb. 1963). The result is listed on table 2 in the text (cf. pp. 40~52) In the general classification, 326 items are listed in physics, 94 in chemistry, 76 in biology, 57 in earth science and 45 in the others. Through the table he has perceived that a large portion of these reports were still sticking to the traditional types of experiment, and the contents of real originality or new devices were not so many. It can be pointed out that the report belonging in the physical branch was comparatively numerous, showing the majority, while it was rather less regarding the teaching materials in the division of biology and earth science in primary schools, and in the second branch of science in junior high schools. He can safely say that the introduction of new methods and products of modern techniques into science teaching is still to be wanted. The reports on the same theme, having a comparatively large number, are as follows:---apparatus for electrolysis 12 items, device of light source and alcohol lamp (burner) 9 each, model motor and hydrogen generating set 8 each, atomospheric pressure, floating and sinking, and respiration 7 each, friction, surface tension, ingredient of air, and observation of the moon 6 each and so on. Comparing the individual papers in the same item, it is not impossible to grade them, and to select the most profitable method regarding each item, if we can investigate alarge numer of the reports in the world concerning the same item. If it is so, it will not become so difficult to develop the new device in science teaching, based on these investigations. The author fully expects to complete these investigations and to advance the science education. By the mere individual work, this sort of work cannot be anticipated to bear much fruit. He desires that this investigation should be widely developed by some committee, for instance, the proper section of JS TS. Besides, he is waiting for the discussion about his idea and the cooperation for the purpose of completing the investigation.