The purpose of this paper was to clarify the behavioral features of a mother and her son who has Autistic Spectrum Disorder（ASD）through RDI. The child was a 6-year-old boy who attends a special needs class in elementary school. The mother and her son have continued to do RDI for the last two years.

Mother-child dyad activities were videotaped three times as Relationship Development Assessment (RDA). Three aspects of relatedness (Larkin, et al, 2010): 1) attention engagement, 2) interactive regulation, 3) interactive engagement, were assessed. The behavior of the mother and her son in those video clips were coded with 32 categories by the behavioral coding system. The results are as follows: firstly, three aspects of relatedness between the mother and the child have changed three times in RDA. Secondly, non-verbal behavior in both mother and son has increased. Thirdly, the calculation of co-occurrence and sequences of their behavior could be useful in examining the modification process of their interaction. Therefore, it was suggested that RDI has influenced the relatedness between the mother and the child. Furthermore, the author discussed the importance of rebuilding good relatedness and indicated the difficulty of comprehending relatedness through behavioral analysis.

　The purpose of this study was to focus on the work engagement of regular employees involved in family care and to clarify the determinants which might affect their work engagement. A questionnaire survey was conducted over the Internet. Responses were received from 502 family caregivers of elderly people, who were also regularly employed. Factor analysis and multiple regression analysis were performed. It is suggested that establishing an organizational culture that supports a balance between caregiving of the elderly and employment demands, and job evaluation would be positively associated with a more engaged approach to work tasks on the part of employees caring for an elderly family member.

　This article chiefly deals with Sir Philip Sidney’s Arcadia and Lady Mary Wroth’s Urania and discusses the obvious characteristics of them through analyzing their lives, education, court experiences and the patriarchal social system of the period in which Mary Wroth lived.

　Sidney created and portrayed his “arcadia” by way of the manneristic style of writing, reflecting his ways of thinking after retiring from the Elizabethan court by the order of Elizabeth I and being forced to live at Wilton House, the house of the family his sister married into. His tactics in writing include the manneristic ways of writing, the serpentine ways of lines, and deconstructing the harmonious world of perfect concord reflecting the Renaissance world.

　As she was Sidney’s niece, Wroth tried to rewrite her uncle’s works from the female point of view as a woman living under the 17th century patriarchal English society. Her tactics is to make use of the baroque techniques of confusion, conversion, contradiction and the images of labyrinth.

　Uzan Nagao (1864-1942), a modern Han scholar, stayed in Shanghai, China for 12 years from December 1903 to December 1914. He interacted with Shanghai literati and made many contributions culturally and socially. One of them is holding the old painting and calligraphy exhibitions, which it is covered in this article.

　Uzan founded the exhibition, which was the first exhibition of old painting and calligraphy in China. After the third exhibition, he contributed to add Chinese scholars of his choice to the founders with his excellent network formation ability.

　Western European countries have experienced a wave of immigration since the 1950s and have consequently faced several immigrants-related problems. One of those is the cultural clash between religious values of immigrants and social institutions of the host-nation. This paper aimed to inquire why appearance and seriousness of cultural clashes differ among Western democratic countries. Previous studies have shown that social stratification of immigrants, distance of their religion from the main religion of the host-society, and immigrant’s religion with or without rituals on public sphere play important roles in this issue. This paper derived the structural outline of cultural conflicts from previous studies on cross-national comparison of battles of Muslim women’s headscarf. The findings showed that immigrants’ religion on one side and institutions that are built path-dependently, identity, and major religion of a host-nation on the other are the major factors. Christianity’s effect on the modern Western secularism and basic principles in the way of thinking also makes it a factor. The interaction between these factors makes variations of appearance and gravity in cultural clashes. Finally, this paper analyzed solutions to cultural clashes given by three German scholars using the outline to show a part of its effectiveness.

This article goes over the historiography of nineteenth-century French liberalism over the last 30 years. This period, dominated by post-Cold War logic, was spent on seeking liberalism for the era of liberalism, commensurate with the age after Communism. Consequently, politicized research that reflected well the political culture of individual countries emerged and I demonstrate that this was particularly the case with America and France. The summary of previous research therefore reveals that French liberalism is not restricted to nineteenth-century France. It simultaneously results from a constant dialogue between the past and a quest for liberty at the present time. For this reason, it carries with it the long-lasting tradition of ‘philosophical history’ that had started with the French Revolution.

The purpose of this paper is to research the relation between the reduction of perceived risk and the buying satisfaction for the multichannel shoppers in Thailand. This paper investigate the multichannel shoppers’s searching information activities and the buying behavior for apparel products via web-based survey in Japan and in Thailand. The empirical investigation shows the reduction of perceived risk about size is likely to have an influence on the buying satisfaction for Thailand women consumers in the physical store and about exhibitionism is likely to have an influence on the buying satisfaction in the online store. This study suggests the implication for marketing of the apparel retailers in Thailand and a direction for the future research.

In the Meiji era，many Art textiles that adopted peacock motifs were produced，making use of peacock paintings．The purpose of this study is to reveal how the peacock motif has evolved in Art textiles．It discusses the issue from three perspectives．First，from the Edo period to the Meiji period，the genre of “peacock paintings” became oriented toward international world expositions and incorporated Western painting techniques．The new kind of peacock painting combining the motifs of peacocks and cherry trees began to be produced．Next，both the design of the motif and the composition of Art textiles exhibited at the world expositions that made use of the peacock motif were compared to those of the peacock paintings at that time．Finally，there is a discussion on how the peacock motif was used for projects related to the Imperial Family．Art textiles with peacock motifs were used as decorations in buildings related to the Imperial Family，and this was widely known to the public as a result of newspaper reports．Art textiles with bird-and-flower paintings centering on the peacock and cherry blossoms were established as a design that was representative of Japan in the late Meiji period.

　　It is premised that scientific knowledge, concepts, laws, and theories are tentative based on a relative view of science. However, in primary and secondary science education, it is difficult to promote understanding of the tentativeness of scientific knowledge. Therefore, the necessity of grasping the actual condition of the understanding is being continued. Among them, there are only a few reports on the actual condition of understanding of the tentativeness of scientific knowledge in Japan, and the results have been twenty years old. Therefore, in this paper, we report the results of a survey of elementary school children's understanding of the tentativeness of scientific knowledge at the current stage before the full implementation of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports Course of Study implicated on 2020.

In all languages around the world, every language necessarily has demonstratives. The demonstratives are important to describe thing in languages. In this paper, we will do a study on the usage of discourse demonstratives in Chinese languages in time and space. In Chinese language system, there are two series of discourse demonstratives, which are "zhe (this)" and "na (that)". The previous studies have paid most attention to the usage of discourse demonstratives. The usage of "zhe (this)" discourse demonstratives is described as "approximate", and the usage of "na (that)" discourse demonstratives is described as "distant". The usage of those discourse demonstratives is to be decided by the speaker. The speaker processes the uses of them by his/her cognition. This paper has not only pointed out some problems in the previous research, but also have explored the cognitive aspects of the usage of the discourse demonstratives to argue about the actual uses by demonstrating the cognitive models.

　　A cross-sectional study was conducted to examine the differences in biomarkers, lifestyles, eating habits, and interest in dieting associated with body type, specifically body mass index (BMI) category, among University students in Thailand. From 2017 to 2020, Thai university students were surveyed regarding their lifestyle and eating habits, using physical measurements and a questionnaire. A total of 207 male students and 507 female students were classified as “underweight,” “average weight,” “overweight,” or “obese” according to their BMI: these groups were compared in terms of their differences in biomarkers, lifestyle, and eating habits. Overall, 34.8% of men and 28.4% of women were classified as overweight or obese. Students of both genders in the overweight and obese group had higher body fat percentages, basal metabolic rates, and systolic/diastolic blood pressure (all P<0.0001). Overweight and obese group students were more interested in dieting (men: P=0.0007, women: P<0.0001), and most of them reported that they had dieted in the past (P=0.222, P<0.0001). Additionally, the obese group was more likely to report eating quickly (P=0.107, P=0.014). The rate of obesity among Thai young adults was as high as that among Thai adults; continuous weight loss programs are necessary to prevent the development of lifestyle diseases.

　　This study aimed to examine the relationship between attitudes toward dietitians, degree of growth, postgraduation career paths, and competencies of second-year dietitian training program students, and the results will be used to improve the curriculum and learning support in the future. We conducted a web-based PROG test and questionnaire survey. Dieticians’ elementary competency scores were significantly higher in the dietitian job group than in the non-dietitian job group. "I think I am suited to be a dietitian" (self-confidence) was moderately positively correlated with personal skills. It was suggested that students' self-confidence in themselves as dietitians was low, but the motivation, values, and attitudes of dietitians are developed during the two-year dietitian training program and are particularly high among students who find employment as dietitians. On the other hand, values as a dietitian were considered to be one of the factors that influence students' career paths after graduation. Improving self-confidence and values as a dietitian is an issue to be considered in future learning support and curriculum improvement, and measures to address this issue include incorporating opportunities for experiences that enhance personal skills into classes and extracurricular activities and hearing about the rewards of working from dietitians in the field.