This article examines whether sex education influences the sexual behavior of young people. Specifically, we analyzed the influence of sex education on the choice of contraceptive behavior by young people, focusing on the perceived usefulness of sex education and concern about pregnancy, with reference to the KAB model of health education.

　The results suggest that the effects of school sex education on concern about pregnancy and contraceptive behavior differed between high school and undergraduate students. The high school students' contraceptive behavior was indirectly influenced by their experience of abortion education in school, mediated by their attitudes toward contraception. The high school students' contraceptive behavior was also directly influenced by their perception of the usefulness of sex education. For undergraduate students, however, sex education at school was not effective. Undergraduate students do not always consciously refer to the knowledge they have acquired so far, not limited to the knowledge obtained through sex education in school.

　In addition, the concern about pregnancy had an effect on contraceptive behavior, and vice versa. Furthermore, after high school students actually choose a contraceptive behavior, they might realize the usefulness of sex education and then use their knowledge to choose their next behavior.

　This paper explores questions of white identity, defined as European-descended whites, in the former British colony, Barbados. Specifically, this research examines how European-descended whites perceive their difference from the non-white “others” and the nature of the relationships they establish with these “others”. In August 2016 and 2017, oral history interviews were conducted in Barbados, with adult participants who consider themselves white and who are considered white by other whites. Follow-up online interviews were conducted in 2021 and 2022. As stated, these persons are aware of differences in skin colour before school age, and come to realize their own whiteness and racial boundaries through daily interactions with non-white others. The narratives reveal their disapproval of white supremacy and privilege that encourage social inequalities based on skin colour. A sense of entitlement envelops whites’ accountability and guilt over the norm of social inequalities that connect deeply to systemic racism. At the same time, a young man completely rejected the very idea of white superiority and any associated social privilege, only on account of him being white.

　The purpose of this paper is to study the sales promotion of DtoC (Direct to Consumer) through researching the consumer behavior for apparel . The empirical investigation shows the reduction of perceived risk about product quality is likely to have an influence on the purchasing satisfaction. Furthermore, the experience marketing such as live commerce is likely to have an influence on the sales promotion of DtoC. This study suggests the implication for marketing of DtoC and a direction for the future research.

　In 2019, a standardized academic achievement survey in mathematics, reading, and writing was conducted for fifth-grade students in six ASEAN countries, including Myanmar, and the results were released in 2020. Myanmar ranked in the middle of the six countries surveyed. The most important policy factor explaining academic achievements was the match between the language of instruction, the Myanmar language, and the language used by students at home. When the language at home was not the Myanmar language, students were clearly less proficient, especially in writing, but there were also differences in mathematics. The language problem was especially serious in the lower-achieving groups.

　Factors that also contributed to improving academic achievement were increasing the students' positive perception toward school, fewer problematic behavior by teachers, availability of lesson time, a short commute time to school, a small grade size, and a good physical learning environment. Parents' active involvement in their children’s learning, expectations for their children’s education, and exemption from excessive household workload were also effective in improving academic achievement. Improvements can also be made through educational activities for parents.

　The “Pillar of Angels (Engelspfeiler)” in the south transept of Strasbourg Cathedral, which dates from the early thirteenth century, represents the Last Judgement through the arrangement of figures on a single pillar. Owing to its unparalleled configuration in Medieval art, there are no comparable examples. To address this gap, this paper adopted a new perspective and examined the pillar’s role as a medium with the aim of illuminating the fundamental principles that underlay this work. The research highlighted the expressive power of the free-standing pillars (Freipfeiler) in the hall church (Hallenkirche) prevalent in the German-speaking regions. It was concluded that during the transition to the Gothic era, the integration of a pillar and figures in the “Pillar of Angels” has achieved innovative and unique expression of the free-standing pillar.

　In my previous article, I discussed the need to transform Japan's "vertical society" into a "horizontal society" in which everyone can think together in a flat "horizontal" relationship, and I proposed the introduction of "servant leadership" as a powerful method for this transformation. However, "servant leadership" is a Christian concept, and its nature cannot be understood without a Christian understanding.

　In the past, I have discussed the biblical passages in which "servant leadership" is found, citing the views of books that attempt to understand it from a Christian perspective. In this article, I would like to discuss " Not lording it, but being examples " in "1 Peter," 5-3 of the New Testament, and clarify the nature of "servant leadership" through a Christian understanding of this passage.

　Although Tsukuyomi, the moon deity, is one of the most important deities in Japan, there are extremely few myths about him. Psychologists, as well as national scholars and historians, have focused on the lack of information about the moon deity, and some have linked this phenomenon to the sensibility of the Japanese people.

　According to the “Nihonshoki,” the chronicles of Japan, Tsukuyomi contributed to the birth of grain by killing the grain deity. As the story of the haniwa horse in the same book shows, the moonlit night was a space where people could come into contact with the dead. Tsukuyomi’s domain is emphasized as a remote place, such as “Aounaharano-siono-yaoe,” the distant world of the sea, or a night away from the deity of the sun, which seems to be related to the fact that the moon seems to have the characteristics of connecting the otherworld with life.

　In this study, the author verified the effectiveness of a practical program conducted in the Japanese II course, a foundation course for which the author was in charge. The students were ask to write their own essays based on the original text of the “MAKURA-NO-SOSHI“ and to taste and share the pleasure of the essays with other students in the class. As a result of the verification, about 70% of the students answered "I am not interested in classics" in the questionnaire before the class, but about all of the students answered "I became a little interested in classics" in the questionnaire after the class, confirming that the class provided an opportunity to eliminate their dislike of classics, indicating that the class had a certain effect.

　Taiwanese female poet Hsia Yu is one of the most experimental and hard-to-category poets in Taiwan's contemporary poetry circles. Since her first collection of poems Memorandum (1984), she has been constantly challenging the possibility of poetry. Each collection of poems shows amazing originality, together with playing with language and subverting character, and has always been regarded as a representative poet of postmodernism and feminism. Taiwan's poetic circles have accumulated rich research on Hsia Yu. This article intends to develop a new research perspective and analyze the strong cross-border visual experience aesthetics of Hsia Yu's recent works (2010-2020). That Zebra(2010), First Person (2016), and Axis of Spine (2020). In addition to an in-depth discussion of the visual exploration of the language of Hsia Yu's poetry, this article is hoped that it can complement the contemporary appearance of the aesthetic tradition of "picture poetry" in Taiwan's modern poetry. In the past, image poetry experiments mainly focused on changing text combinations and layout methods. In the contemporary era, Hsia Yu, a female poet who has never "Followed the rules", allows poetry to go beyond text and images and explore more diverse visual experiences.

　We are learning more deeply from the Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011 about the subsequent problems of nuclear dependence and the permanent problems associated with decommissioning. It has been pointed out that power supply systems that mainly rely on variable renewable energy such as solar and wind power among renewable energies are vulnerable in terms of power supply and demand control.

　In power supply systems that are dominated by variable natural energy sources such as solar and wind power, the vulnerability of power supply and demand control is a concern. In Japan, nuclear power is considered a baseload power source that is essential for a stable supply of electricity, but it is not suitable as a power source because it is not good at adjusting output.

　The purpose of this paper is to position methane gas power generation, which is mainly made from livestock waste, as a useful baseload power source that has the flexible output adjustment that is essential for renewable energy power supply in terms of flow from a long-term perspective, and it is a valuable locally distributed power source in terms of stock, and to explore quantitative expansion measures and their possibilities based on its production capacity and reliability. As a result of this study, it was estimated that the potential power generation capacity of methane gas power generation accounts for 1.8% (at the very least, 0.9%) of hydroelectric power generation based on the number of milking cattle kept in Japan. Based on this potential power generation capacity, if the scope is expanded nationwide based on the business demonstration model of this study, it is important to secure the quantity of food processing residues in addition to livestock waste. It was also found that the expansion of power generation can be more reliably achieved by collaboration between the clusters of dairy and livestock waste sources and industrial waste collection and transport companies.

　The reversal structure is a “common promise” in the structure of “Ikyou-houmon-tan”, but there are reported cases where the reversal structure is recognized in biblical texts, even though they are not in the form of “Ikyou-houmon-tan”. In this paper, we conducted a verification on whether the text of “The Second Letter to the Corinthians” contained in the New Testament, which has not yet been investigated from the viewpoint of the inverted structure, can be said to be composed by the reversal structure. As a result, it was recognized that this text is composed of a reversal structure.

　The present study sought to determine the association between diversity of food intake and postpartum depression among women in the second trimester of pregnancy (n=1,041).

　The diversity of food intake was calculated based on data from the semi-quantitative Food Frequency Frequency Questionnaire (sFFQ) by converting the frequency of intake listed in the sFFQ into the number of food items consumed per day. The Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Self-Evaluation Scale (EPDS) was used to determine postpartum depression, with two cutoff values (8/9 and 12/13). Of the 1,041 subjects, 200 (19.2%) had EPDS≥9 and 70 (6.7%) had EPDS≥13. 20.8 foods were consumed per day by those with EPDS≥9 and 20.6 foods by those with EPDS<9, with no significant difference. When the cutoff value was set at 12/13, the number of foods was 20.3 for those with EPDS≥13 and 20.6 for those with EPDS<13, showing no significant difference. Furthermore, logistic regression analysis, in which the subjects were divided into quintiles according to the number of foods consumed per day and the group with the lowest number of foods was used as the reference category, showed no significant association in the odds ratios for either the cutoff values of 8/9 or 12/13. The results of this study indicate that diversity of food intake among pregnant women in the second trimester of pregnancy is not associated with the development of postpartum depression. Future studies with a wider range of gestational periods and a larger number of subjects may provide further insight into the relationship between diversity of food intake and postpartum depression.

Moral elevation is evoked when individuals witness acts of uncommon moral goodness. It is considered a unique emotion that underlies prosocial contagion, as it promotes prosocial behavior. However, to date, there has been no quantitative research on moral elevation in Japan. Therefore, I conducted a conceptual replication study of Study 4 of Aquino et al. (2011), which examined both the moderator of the experience of elevation and the effect of elevation on prosocial behavior, in Japan. Consistent with the original research, moral identity moderated the experience of moral elevation. Specifically, the tendency for witnessing acts of uncommon goodness to evoke moral elevation was pronounced among individuals with high moral identity. However, contrary to the original research, it was the symbolization (reflecting the degree to which moral traits manifest publicly through a person’s actions), rather than the internalization (reflecting the degree to which moral traits are deeply rooted in the self-concept), that moderated the experience of moral elevation. In addition, witnessing acts of uncommon goodness did not affect prosocial behavior via moral elevation. Based on cultural models of the self, I discuss the possibility that symbolization moderates the experience of moral elevation in Japan. However, it is also possible that the differences in materials or experimental situations caused the divergent results from the original study. Regarding the null effect on prosocial behavior, I discuss the possibility that participants did not experience elevation as strongly as the original study and that the method used to measure prosocial behavior was inadequate. Future research directions are discussed.