Purpose　　In previous studies, brown rice eaters had regular bowel movements and the monitoring of their stool microbiota showed a normal microbial diversity profile. A subpopulation among participants to the GENKI I cohort study was studied to explore the relationship between the subjective feeling of being healthy (positive emotions) and the profile of the intestinal bacterial flora.

Method　　　Ninety-seven participants who had been enrolled in the GENKI I Study had their fecal bacteria analyzed at phylum and genus levels by 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing, and correlations with epidemiological data were examined. The subjective feeling of being healthy was measured by a self-rated assessment tool.

Results　Participants scoring high on the subjective sense of health showed a higher abundance of Roseburia in their stools (ｐ= 0.013). Eaters of brown rice diet also tended to carry more butyric acid-producing bacteria, especially of the Faecalibacterium prausnitzii　(ｐ=0.026). The proportion of bacteria producing short-chain fatty acids such as Bilophila (ｐ=0.048) was also higher in brown rice eaters.

Discussion　　　It has been reported that butyric acid and derived metabolites produced by intestinal bacteria could affect emotions mediated through the gut-brain nervous system. The subjective feeling of being healthy has complex determinants. Butyrate-producing bacteria could be one of them. However, a limitation of this study is that being healthy was a criterion for being enrolled in the GENKI cohort. A selection bias might therefore have influenced the observed results. Our hypothesis should thus be further explored through an intervention study.

Conclusion　　We have identified a possible correlation between a high subjective sense of health and the presence of butyric acid-producing bacteria in the gut. In addition, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii was more abundance detected among brown rice eaters. Participants scoring high on the subjective sense of health showed a higher abundance of Roseburia in their stools. It was revealed that the occupancy rate of the short - chain fatty acid - producing bacteria, such as Blautia, and Bilophila is high.

　This paper seeks to produce knowledge of identity as European-descended white in the Caribbean islands of Barbados and Trinidad, where the white populations account for 2.7% and 0.7% respectively, of the total population. Face-to-face individual interviews were conducted with 29 participants who are subjectively and objectively white, in August 2016 and February 2017 in order to obtain primary data, as a means of creating oral history. Many of the whites in Barbados recognise their interracial family background, and possess no reluctance for having interracial marriage and interracial children. They have very weak attachment to white hegemony. On contrary, white Trinidadians insist on their racial purity as white and show their disagreement towards interracial marriage and interracial children. The younger generations in both islands say white supremacy does not work anymore, yet admit they take advantage of whiteness in everyday life. The elder generation in Barbados say being white is somewhat disadvantageous, but their Trinidadian counterparts are very proud of being white which is superior form of racial identity. The paper revealed the sense of colonial superiority is rooted in the minds of whites in Barbados and Trinidad, yet the younger generations in both islands tend to deny the existence of white privilege and racism in order to assimilate into the majority of the society, which is non-white.

Objective: We described the profiles of the All-Japan Utstein Registry including new information on the location of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and investigated patient characteristics and outcomes after OHCA. Methods: The All-Japan Utstein Registry is a prospective population-based OHCA registry based on the international Utstein-style covering the entire population of Japan. The subjects of this study were OHCA patients enrolled in this registry from January 2013 to December 2015. Patients with OHCA that occurred before emergency medical service (EMS) arrival for whom cardiopulmonary resuscitation was attempted by bystanders or by EMS personnel and subsequently transported to medical institutions by the EMS were included. Patient characteristics, location of arrest, and survival outcomes after OHCA were described according to the resuscitation situations of patients (i.e., bystander-witness status, origin of cardiac arrest, and first documented rhythm). Results: During the 3-year study period, a total of 327,451 confirmed cases of OHCA occurring before the arrival of EMS were analyzed. Overall, 56.9% of all cases (186,276/327,451) were men and their mean age was 74.6 years (Standard deviation, 17.3). Approximately two-thirds of all OHCA incidents occurred at home (65.0%, 212,722/327,451). The locations of OHCA occurrence widely varied by the resuscitation situations of patients, e.g., OHCAs with ventricular fibrillation rhythm were more likely to be observed in public locations than at home. In total, the proportion of one-month survival with favorable neurological outcome was 2.2% (7,059/327,451). Bystander-witnessed OHCA cases of medical origin with ventricular fibrillation rhythm were likely to have better outcomes, and 25.0% of them (4,477/17,886) survived for one month with favorable neurological outcome. Conclusion: The All-Japan Utstein Registry including the information on the location of arrest enables us to reveal the location-specific features of OHCA. Investigations using this registry will lead to the establishment of effective strategies for prevention of OHCA occurrence and improving the survival after OHCA.

   The study aimed to reveal the ingredients in vegetables which enhanced softening of kombu when boiled with kombu and vegetables. The edible portion of 8 different types vegetables: spinach, garland chrysanthemum, daikon, edible burdock, eggplant, tomato, asparagus, cauliflower were boiled for 40 minutes with Kombu; the weight ratio for the deionized water : vegetable : kombu was 50 : 10 : 1, and after boiling, the swelling ratio and rupture stress were measured. Kombu was significantly lowered of rupture stress when boiled with spinach compared with the other vegetables. As a result of broth analysis, oxalic acid was only detected in the broth of kombu and spinach. In the next, kombu was boiled in the adjusted solutions, which were each organic acid contained in the vegetables: oxalic acid solution significantly lowered in rupture stress of kombu compared to the other organic acid solutions. The results indicated that it is the oxalic acid in spinach which softens the kombu when the two are boiled.

This paper focuses on the process by which a German-Japanese boy did homework assigned by the boy’s school and by a Japanese supplemental school from fourth to seventh grade. Data consisting primarily of about 4 years of diary entries by the boy’s mother were qualitatively analyzed within the framework of a modified “ecological systems” model. Analysis focused on changes in the adjustment processes by the parents and the boy, and results yielded three findings. First, the boy’s German father assisted him with homework from his local school, and his Japanese mother assisted him with his homework from the Japanese supplementary school during all of the grades studied. Second, this division of homework assistance was a basic component of parent-child adjustment with regard to the boy’s homework. The father and son were smoothly adjusting to homework from the local school, but the mother and son frequently had conflicts when adjusting to homework from the supplementary school.Third, the boy made adjustments with his parents and he changed his own behavior based on his understanding of his environment when problems arose between him and his activities (doing his homework). The boy’s adjustment seemed to be based on three axes — “role expectations,” “time perspectives,” and “goal structures.”

The purpose of this paper was to examine the effect of applying Relationship Development Intervention (RDI) and clarify the feature of the modification processes in a family through RDI. The participants were one family with a child who has Autistic Spectrum Disorder（ASD）. The child was a 6-year-old boy, and he has a sibling. The family have continued to do RDI for the last two years.

Parent-child dyad activities were videotaped three times as Relationship Development Assessment (RDA). Three aspects of relatedness (Larkin, et al, 2010): 1) attention engagement, 2) interactive regulation, 3) interactive engagement, were assessed. And the modification process of the mother’s reflection through 63 video clips with her child in daily life, for example, cooking, making something or cleaning, was categorized. The results are as follows. Firstly, three aspects of relatedness between both parents and the child have changed three times in RDA. Secondly, the contents of the mother’s reflection could be categorized into five groups: 1) positive, 2) negative, 3) analysis, 4) challenge, 5) question. Category “positive” increased while “negative” decreased. During the latter half, she focused on the relatedness with her son more than the individual. Therefore, it was suggested that RDI has influenced the relatedness between the parents and the child. Furthermore, the author discussed the feature of RDI which fosters interpersonal engagement and promotes the affected individuals’ initiative and flexibility and the difficulty of assessment of relatedness.

　More than half of the total number of Basic Education Schools under the Ministry of Education in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar are schools with 100 or less students. As many schools are extremely small in size, a large amount of resources such as teachers and facilities are required per student. The resources that can be devoted to education are limited, and the efficient use of these resources is essential to ensure that the basic education school system is affordable and sustainable for Myanmar.

　The question is whether the consolidation is realistic and to what extent resources can be saved. When considering the possibility of commuting to school, it is impossible to integrate schools that are distant from each other. Then simulations were conducted to see what would happen if schools that were within a distance of 1Km, 2Km, and 3Km were consolidated.

　Taking into account the availability of quality data, the analyses were conducted in Kayar State where the population density was relatively small and in Ayeyawady Region where the population density was relatively large. As there are many mountainous areas in Kayar State and many delta areas in Ayeyawady Region, the same analyses were performed in Mandalay and Yangon Regions where there were many flat areas and few natural obstacles.

　But the results were generally similar. In other words, by consolidating schools up to the 3Km maximum, straight distance between schools, the number of schools can be reduced by less than half, and the number of teachers can be reduced by 16-26% mainly for the primary school course, and by 8-11% even if for a distance of 1Km. Consolidation of up to 3Km would increase the median size of the school to about three times the current situation, but it would still be suitable for about two classes per grade at primary schools. As for the number of teachers, the shortage of teachers as a whole is sufficiently resolved, leaving room for surplus.

　The degree of scholastic achievement in basic education is based on the results of the completion examination for Grade 5 at the end of the primary school course, the completion examination for Grade 9 at the end the middle school course, and the matriculation examination for Grade 11 at the end of the high school course. Based on these scholastic achievements by school, the degree to which various factors such as school variables that may affect the degree of these scholastic achievements was analyzed.

　The analysis results on which factors contributed to the degree of scholastic achievement for Grade 5 differed among the states/regions. In general, however, school size did not show a significant effect on scholastic achievement. In contrast, schools with good learning environments such as a small number of students per teacher, a small number of students per class, high quality of teachers, high percentage of teachers with training, and partition-separated classrooms scored high. In addition, achievement was high at schools located in urban areas where SES of parents was thought to be high. Furthermore, although scholastic achievement was higher for the more older, established and promoted schools, this higher scholastic achievement may also signify that it takes time to allocate the needed number of teachers. It was also found that compared to primary schools, the primary school courses of other types of school tended to have a lower achievement; and this can be due to the fact that teachers in primary school courses may also be in charge of other education courses such as the middle school course.

　Similar findings were obtained in the degree of achievement for Grade 9. The degree of achievement for Grade 11 was also similar, but the presence of partitions and the number of students per class were not significant. In contrast, there was a tendency for this to occur for Grade 9, but there was a clear tendency for the pass rate to be higher in larger schools for Grade 11. It appears that the large number of highly specialized teachers contributed to the high degree of achievement.

　     Otsuma Management Academy (OMA), an extracurricular career program at Otsuma Women's University, is conducting e-learning using an English vocabulary mobile app on smartphones as a TOEIC^® measure.

　     We collaborated with the English word test using the English vocabulary mobile app in order to make current high school students, who are potential university students and the smartphone-native generation, recognize and try out the test. Using a branding activation method to experience products and services, we aim to attract the high school students, who may be potential examinees to Otsuma Women's University.

　     Specifically, the name of Otsuma Women's University was exposed on the English word test and the screen. Moreover, the university brochures were sent to the applicants, and the university original goods were presented to only the first 100 people.

　     As a result, brand recognition was reasonable successful, however brand activations was relatively weak.

　     It became an opportunity to reconsider the means and medium for public relations to high school students, and this English vocabulary app has the potential to become powerful digital marketing tools for the smartphone-native generation if the database function is improved.

　The objective of this study was to verify the validity of the self-diagnosis fatigue checklist by comparing it with the emotional profile test (POMS2) and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) of the fatigue profile.  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　In 2016 and 2017, 247 students (mean age ± SD: 21.0 ± 0.9) were examined for height, body composition, POMS2, VAS, and self-diagnosis fatigue. As a result of the comparison of the scale of POMS2 and VAS in the low-risk group, moderate-risk group, and high-risk group of the self-diagnosis fatigue checklist, the mean values of the 5 scales (Anger-Hostility (AH), Confusion-Bewilderment (CB), Depression-Dejection (DD), Fatigue-Inertia (FI), and Tension-Anxiety (TA)), and Total Mood Disturbance (TMD), and VAS showed a significant increase in the values of those classified as high-risk group in physical fatigue, mental fatigue, and comprehensive fatigue. In addition, a similar result was obtained for subjects who had been fatigued for more than 1 months, suggesting that the self-diagnosis fatigue checklist might be useful in the evaluation of chronic fatigue.

　The chrysanthemum variety “Kohgiku” was introduced from Sugita Genpaku Memorial Obama Municipal Hospital in 2014. We conducted educational activities using the Kohgiku to promote the Wakasa region in Fukui Prefecture. This activity was conducted in cooperation with Sugita Genpaku Memorial Obama Municipal Hospital, Obama City, Agricultural Production Corporation, a farmer, food processor, restaurant, and pharmaceutical manufacturer. The main activities were comprised cultivation research, encouraging farmers to cultivate the plant, and development of Kohgiku as a food or raw drug source. Five products—three confectionery products and two blended teas were listed for sale. In 2018, farmers shipped Kohgiku to be processed for these products. We shipped 2.6 kg of dried Kohgiku for extraction into a raw drug. Students acquired new knowledge and skills from studying the uses of Kohgiku. Based on these results, we will continue our activities to promote Kohgiku in Wakasa.

　Our country's education system is making a rapid progress. With information inundating us, and with IT systematizations being driven forward, the future paths that are open to children today are very diverse when compared with how it was some time ago. The future paths not only include academic paths, but career paths as well. This is why providing career guidance for children is desirable because it can be a huge support for those who are worried about their future. High school period is the time when students start having a higher desire to be independent and self-supporting, and since the Coming-of-Age Day is approaching, and that they have more opportunities to get involved in society, there will be many high school students who seek for the right future path during this high school period. This is the reason why the roles that students expect their teachers to take are becoming more crucial than ever before, and that the teachers are expected to guide students while considering the students’ "ways of living their lives". I would like to write about the relevance of transitions of the career guidance to the career counselling, as well as the facts about the career education that will be required from now on.

　Infants are likely to attribute positive emotions to a victimizer, which is called the Happy Victimizer phenomenon. The present study explored how the relationship between the Happy Victimizer phenomenon and understanding of mixed emotions changes across different contexts among preschoolers in children aged 5–6 years (N = 37, M = 72.62 months, SD=3.72). Understanding of mixed emotions was assessed through children’s explanations of non-moral situations. Participants were also asked to attribute situations to the moral-victimizer wherein the victimizer’s motivations or moral rules were emphasized. The children were asked to judge how the victimizer felt, report any additional emotions the victimizer may have felt, and judge the levels of these two emotions. Results indicated that understanding mixed emotions was positively related to moral emotion attributions. Moreover, understanding mixed emotions was related to attributing negative emotions to the victimizer during recall of moral rules. The importance of context in Happy Victimizer scenarios and suggestions for future research are discussed.

　　In this study, we aimed to develop teaching materials and a new education opportunity related to "food" entitled "Umi-iku" in order to promote marine education. In cooperation with Anamizu elementary school and Koyo elementary school of Anamizu Town in Ishikawa prefecture, fish-cards, buntings and streamers were made from drawings by elementary school students of sea products, a specialty of the area. The fish-cards completed were distributed to visitors at the annual jumbo oyster festival of Anamizu Town, and the buntings and streamers were put up at the festival. The fish-cards were also used in review studies at those elementary schools. In addition, in order to examine the learning outcomes, a self-evaluation questionnaire-based survey was conducted before and after the activities with third graders at Koyo Elementary School.

　　This paper focuses on the life stories of tea book writers in past dynasties, summarizes and sorts out their life stories, and explores the tendency of Chinese tea culture through statistics and analysis.

　　In this paper, a total of 141 authors of tea books have been sorted out by referring to the previous statistical data on various tea books. Although those tea books have been seriously lost, and there are quite a few authors whose lives cannot be examined. However, through analysis, the following conclusions can be drawn: most of the tea book authors are civilians, even those who are officials are petty officials or not successful in their official career; there are few tea books written by Buddhists or Taoists; the hermit character and “noble” demeanor in tea book authors are very obvious; as a matter of fact, these characteristics exactly indicate the status and character of Chinese tea culture in Confucian society.

　　“Tenka tea” is a word that has not yet been widely used and recognized, with no clear and credible definition. Therefore, based on the clear definition of “tenka tea”, this paper analyzes and studies the culture of “tenka tea” in Tang and Song Dynasties, and draws the following conclusions.

　　1. The proportion of tea poems relating to “tenka tea” in all tea poems of the Tang and Song Dynasties is very low, indicating that the use of “tenka tea” was not the mainstream at that time.

　　2. The use of “tenka tea” has taken on certain personal style.

　　3. “Tenka tea” as a living custom or drinking habit has shown certain local features.

　　4. “Tenka tea” has more or less taken on the tendency of “representing the tea drinking habits of northern minorities”.

　　5. The application purpose of “tenka tea” has gone beyond the category of “personal preference and personal habit”, and there is a tendency of basing on actual demand.

　　6. The emergence of “tenka tea” opponents shows that the concept of “mainstream” and “non-mainstream” ways of drinking tea already appeared in the Song Dynasty, and this concept continues to this day, which is consistent with the current phenomenon of “taking light drinking as the mainstream”.

　　7. The study of “tenka tea” will provide a basis for us to systematically explore the formation and evolution of tea drinking customs of ethnic minorities.

　　Modern scholars basically trace the origin of scented tea back to the end of the Southern Dynasty or the Yuan Dynasty, while the more detailed discussion of scented tea only dates back to the Ming Dynasty. However, while studying tea poems of Tang and Song Dynasties, the author found a certain amount of tea poems about scented tea, so the author intends to investigate and analyze the status and culture of scented tea drinking in Tang and Song Dynasties, so as to provide reference and evidence for the research on the origin and development of scented tea culture.

　　Because the purpose of this paper is to trace the origin of scented tea, considering the differences between the concept of scented tea in history and that of scented tea today in both connotation and extension, in order to avoid ambiguity and misunderstanding, this paper first puts forward the generalized concept of scented tea - “all forms of combining tea and flowers”, and makes a collation and explanation of seven items covered by the generalized concept of scented tea.

　　Through sorting out and analyzing two tea poems of the Tang Dynasty and 45 tea poems of the Song Dynasty collected in connection with scented tea, the author believes that as for (2) in 7 items of generalized scented tea, no solid components of flowers such as petals are added to tea products, it’s scented tea added with flower scent only, (3) scented tea with spices, (4) blooming art tea, (5) scented tea with additives, (7) herb tea with “tea” and “flower” as main raw materials, all of them already appeared in the Song Dynasty. While in generalized scented tea, (1) is scented tea added with solid components of flowers such as petals, which is very likely to have appeared since the Song Dynasty, however, there is still no conclusive evidence and further research is thus needed.

　　There is no evidence proving that (6) “tea-substituting drink” of “scented tea” has appeared since the Song Dynasty, but the concept and production method of “tea-substituting drink” already appeared in the Song Dynasty. In addition, there was a unique method of scented tea cooking in the Song Dynasty, that is, cooking tea with flower-soaking water.

　　Generally speaking, in the Song Dynasty, although scented tea has not yet formed a clear category, scented tea culture has emerged, and the “form of combining tea and flowers” has also presented a diversified pattern.

　This paper preliminarily examines the question of identity of the descendants of Chinese immigrants in Trinidad, where a multi-ethnic symbiotic society exists. The Chinese started coming as indentured labourers from the beginning of the 19^th century. By the turn of the new century, many of them gained success from becoming professionals in the Caribbean, East Asia and the Britain. Of note, one of them became a Foreign Minister for Sun Yat-sen’s government. The inflow of the Chinese immigrants to Trinidad continues today, although on a smaller scale. Based on the stories shared by the Chinese Trinidadians in February 2019, the construction of their identity and the establishment of various Chinese Associations, as well as the interaction with other ethnic groups and the process of settlement in Trinidad are analysed. At present, Chinese individuals in Trinidad have various identities, and opt for one or some which is/are the most suitable depending on the circumstances. The other members of Trinidad’s society, such as Africans and East Indians, as majorities, and the details of the Chinese family backgrounds, affect the identity construction of the Chinese Trinidadians. As a result, the identity of the Chinese Trinidadian is unstable and shifts from “the Chinese from China”, “the Chinese”, “Chinese Trinidadian” and “Trinidadian”.

　By using newly developed software and tools, the present authors have been creating self-made teaching materials and conducting school activities at both special-needs classes and schools and general public schools. The research project organized by one of the present authors, Shigeru Ikuta, is now widely spread all over the world; more than 200 schoolteachers even in Japan join the present project. All the school activities described in the present paper were performed to help students with various difficulties learn and improve their required subjects and daily lives. Shigeru Ikuta had a chance to introduce the present research to the kindergarten and elementary school teachers in Saudi Arabia at the 6th International Education and Forum (in Teaching and Learning for Early Childhood Education 2018). He was also invited by the China-ASEAN Special Education Development of Exchange and Cooperation, talking about "School Activities with Handmade Teaching Materials for Students With Disabilities." He has just completed editing a new book of "Handbook of Research on Software for Gifted and Talented School Activities in K-12 Classrooms," where 17 chapter-papers, submitted by the researchers all over the world, are included in the edited book. The present paper describes the activities performed in 2018 academic year by the Japanese schoolteachers and Otsuma Women's university students.

　This paper aims to explore the aesthetic consciousness of tea drinking culture in Song Dynasty in China. However, given the fact that the scope of tea culture is becoming more and more extensive, this paper firstly defines and sorts out the sub-categories under the concept of tea culture. On the basis of fully analyzing the evolution of tea culture sub-categories since ancient times, the author divides the content of tea culture into six categories, and analyzes the research status of these six categories so far. Then the author found several “blind spots” in tea science that the ancients were keen on but we did not study and dabble in, that is, (1) the preparation of tea drinking in advance; (2) the action and flow of tea cooking, and (3) the color, aroma and taste of tea. It is not difficult to see that these three items, which have not been paid attention to by the academic community and have hardly been studied, are the most important part of tea culture.

　This paper takes these three items as the core to discuss the aesthetic consciousness of tea drinking culture in Song Dynasty, and draws the following three conclusions:

　　1．Tea drinkers in Song Dynasty attached importance to “preparation for tea drinking” but ignored “tea brewing”, which is the embody of paying attention to the atmosphere and artistic conception of tea drinking but ignoring the standardized action setting, this is also the reason why Chinese tea culture has not formed the formalized, standardized and unified action norms as Japanese tea ceremony does.

　　2．While the tea culture in Song Dynasty ignored the action of “tea brewing”, it attached great importance to the result of “tea brewing”. Of the “color, aroma, taste and shape” of the tea soup as a result of “tea brewing”, it paid special attention to the “shape”, that is, the appearance of foam. It can be said that the four key words of tea culture in Song Dynasty, namely, “tea brewing”, “Cha Bai Xi”, “tea competition” and “tea dividing” were all the result of the aesthetic consciousness of pursuing foam appearance.

　　3．The description of the “shape” of tea soup - foam appearance by tea drinkers in Song Dynasty can be delicate and detailed, accurate and ingenious in words, with appropriate metaphors, forming a sharp contrast to the description of “tea brewing” action which is short and ambiguous. More importantly, the description of foam appearance in Song Dynasty is highly reproducible, which provides valuable information and basis for us to reproduce the tea brewing culture in Song Dynasty.

　　The name of Mongolian milk tea is widely known, however, the systematic introduction and analysis of Mongolian milk tea is very few.

　　This paper analyzes and studies the composition of modern Mongolian tea and the origin of Mongolian tea drinking history through the field investigation of Mongolian tea drinking culture, combined with the historical materials of tea poems in Tang and Song Dynasties. This paper is mainly composed of the following two parts:

　　I. About the composition of Mongolian tea.

　　Through field investigation, this paper points out the shortcomings of previous classification according to “the name of ingredients added to tea soup”, puts forward the concept of classification based on “the number of times ingredient is added” for the first time, and divides Mongolian tea into five categories, making it possible to grasp the composition of Mongolian tea system from a macro perspective.

　　II. About the origin and development of Mongolian tea drinking history.

　　By comparing the results of field investigation with those recorded in historical literature, this paper negates the claim that “Mongolian tea drinking habit originates from Tibet”, and draws the following three conclusions.

　　(1) Before and after the founding of the Mongolian Empire in 1206, the Mongolians had already been exposed to the tea-drinking culture, and in the process of gradual southward invasion, they accepted the “milk tea with diversified additives” as a northern tea custom.

　　(2) The book Principles of Correct Diet written by Hu Sihui (Yuan Dynasty) in the 14^th century records a variety of addictive teas with dairy products as the main ingredients, such as “fried tea”, “Langao tea”, “Yumo tea” (prepared with fried rice and Zisun tea) and “Suqian tea”, indicating that the culture of milk tea had developed and popularized in Mongolia to a certain extent.

　　(3) In the second half of the 16^th century, with the spread of Tibetan Lamaism in the Mongolian region, tea drinking by monks led to the drinking of tea among the people, which promoted the wide spread and popularization of milk tea among the people.

　　In the end, this paper also points out that the development process of Mongolian tea culture is exactly the same as the process of “the spread and popularization of tea culture among Han nationality in the Yellow River basin”.

The collaboration between Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) and Malaysia Department of Social Welfare (DSW) from 2005 to 2015 has contributed to the development of supported employment in Malaysia. Supported Employment is strategies and techniques to help persons with disabilities working in integrated work settings. During the project, the training packages and implementing schemes were developed under the collaborative work by DSW, JICA and Malaysian leaders in the field of work support for persons with disabilities. As a result of the collaborative project, a total of 2,398 participants have attended 3 days’ course or 4 days’ course of job coach training as of 2019. From 2012 to 2018, a total of 956 persons with disabilities have been employed with job coach service program by a total of 543 companies. A total of 329 job coaches were involved in supporting these PWDs. The initiative of supported employment in Malaysia seems to be successful, but further researches are needed to improve the quality of job coach training and job coach service program.