In Japan, economic growth expanded remarkably in the 1960's. The social system become characterized by the mass production, the heavy consumption and mass waste generations has exceed the limit of national purification ability. Consequently, various environmental problems such as global warming have occurred. Also, the problem of how to dispose of a large amount of industrials and municipal wastes including hazardous materials has arisen. In addition, our country has limited natural resources. We are in urgent need of the construction of a sustainable society, as soon as possible. Therefore, a plan entitled "Biomass Nippon Strategy" was decided upon by the Japanese Government at a cabinet meeting, in December of 2002. The term biomass reflect a combination of "bio" and "mass". It is defined within the framework of Biomass Nippon Strategy as a "renewable, organism- derived organic resource that exclude fossil resources". Biomass is organic substance and it will remain a renewable resource in a sustainable manner as long as both life and solar energy exist. The utilization of biomass as source of energy and materials in Biomass Nippon Strategy is required for the following reasons: 1) Prevention of Global Warming 2) Creation of a Recycling-Oriented Society 3) Fostering of New Strategic Industries with Competitive Edges 4) Activation of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries and Those Rural Communities This paper explains about the current situation of biomass in Japan concerning its utilization for energy and products, and the goals of the Biomass Nippon Strategy and the assignment for biomass utilization.

In Japan, about 20 million tons of the garbage is produced per year. Most of it is incinerated or buried. But lately the recycling of garbage as an agricultural resource has become of major interest. The composting is a general method for recycling of garbage, but this process involves problems such as the length of time necessary or the emission of an offensive odor. In this study, a small amount of urea was added into dried garbage, and pellets were prepared. This material was effective as an alternative to fertilizer and for reduction of the amount of nitrate leaching from the soil.

Animal manure which occupies most part of waste materials from livestock industry in Japan are annually amounted to about 90,000,000 tons excreted. Animal manure has two aspects, waste and resource, and may cause serious pollution problems without any proper treatment. However, if it is properly utilized as resource, it has great potential value of resources. There are some ways of resource as fertilizer, energy, feed and so on. Animal manure is now mainly converted into compost used for fertilizer and partly into energy sources by methane fermentation and combustion. On the way to construct recycling-based society, the conversion of livestock wastes into resources of fertilizer and energy may closely connect to not only pollution control of waste materials but also development of agriculture.

Although the bio-business company means the enterprise which manages many task activities on food production, processing, distribution, and sale, the concept of the bio-business is not clear. In this paper, we tried to establish the work flow of the management activities of a bio-business system using term of task elements, and elucidated technologically the interrelations between elements. Firstly, bio-business company could be defined as "all-inclusive units (management entity, organization, activity, etc.), which work the following actions on food production, processing, cargo booking, sorting, storage, shipment, carriage, wholesale, sale, etc. including compost production and waste treatment". In addition, the conceptual diagram (structure task system) was also created. This conceptual diagram expresses the individual business of a bio-business system with a rectangular box, and illustrates the chain system. The related structure task was bundled with the concept of "process", so the whole system could be classified into three groups, (1) production /disposal process, (2) agency / processing process, and (3) wholesale and a selling process. Secondly, the functional aspects of these task activities were arranged as a functional task system. In this functional task system, there are 3 functional tasks which are consisting of the information processing, the management (narrow sense), and the environmental conservation (include waste treatment). In order to verify the validity of the task system defined in this study, the workflow of seven JA(s) which mainly deal with vegetables was investigated. Consequently, although some differences were pointed out by the relationship between business structure, a channel distribution, and turn volume with handling agricultural products, almost all of the activities are included in a system concept figure, and the validity of a structure task system was accepted. Finally, this modeling-expressed as a flow diagram based on structure job analysis and a field survey focusing on the course from production of vegetables to processing, processing, sale, consumption, and disposal. With this flow figure, the bio-business system centering on vegetables was able to clarify the target domain.

It is necessary to construct the cycling type social economics system. However, the construction of such social economics system needs the change of the consciousness in all of people of the social economics activity. In addition, it must form this consciousness change as a common recognition of people. At the establishment of regional organism resource recycling system, it is also important on food wastes from the home in addition to organism resources of agricultural sector resource recycling organism resources. “The plan of connect the kitchen with the agriculture- rainbow plan-”, under the cooperation by the inhabitant, the goal of this plan is produce agricultural products by nonuse agriculture chemical after 1997. Simultaneously, the goal of community planning is the circulation of resources in the region. For Regional organism resource recycling system in the Nagai City, the flow of two organism resources exists between “non-farmhouse” and “farmhouse”. The other flow is “resource recycling of the organism resources by the garbage”. And the other flow is “organic agriculture production using the garbage compost”. The main objective of this study is to analyze the practice process of “regional organism resource recycling system” in the Nagai City and clarifies the significance and problem. As a concrete action, it carries out regional organism resource recycling system through the establishment of system of fractionation and discharge of food wastes from the home by citizen participation. Through the promotion of “regional organism resource recycling system”, the consciousness of the inhabitant cleared as a consciousness of the region resources cycling type community planning. “Regional organism resource recycling system” has realized “social ripple effect” for the establishment of the region resources cycling type community planning in present. For the establishment of regional organism resource recycling system by the citizen participation, the substantiality of “Social Technique” like the enlightenment activity is a necessary condition.