We investigated the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) surplus of the balance of total N and P inputs via animal manure and chemical fertilizer and the N and P output via harvested crops in Kikuchi region in Kumamoto prefecture where is one of the largest animal production areas in Japan. To assess the potential load to the environment resulting from livestock excretions, we calculated N and P in animal manure generated in the region by using the statistical data on the functional unit of N and P excretions from livestock species (dairy and beef cattle, pigs, broilers and laying hens). The annual N input by manure and chemical fertilizer application (245 kg N/ha) was almost twice as much as the N output by harvested crops (129 kg N/ha). The annual P input by manure and chemical fertilizer (101 kg P/ha) was more than four times as much as the P output by harvested crops (22 kg P/ha), meaning that the annual excessive P was higher than the N excess. There was an oversupply of manure in the region and more aggressively expansion of the production of forage rice and wide distribution of manure should be needed.

Oat is a crude feed that is widely cultivated after Italian ryegrass as a winter forage crop in Japan. Significant reductions in cost and labor can be expected using near infrared spectroscopy in the design of the feed. In addition to oat, there have been reports on the preparation of calibration curves for feed constituent values using materials containing wheat and sorghum, but there have not yet been reports of calibration curves for near-infrared spectroscopy limited to oat. Therefore, in this test, the purpose was to estimate the feed constituent value of oat by near-infrared spectroscopy. The precision of the calibration curve of feed constituent value was divided into four types: "sativa (Avena sativa L.)", "strigosa (Avena strigosa Schreb.)", "sativa/strigosa" and "All Included", which are mixed sowing of "strigosa" and "strigosa", by subdivision or roughly division, and it was clarified that "All Included" was highly accurate and that the operability was high without the need to change the calibration curve each time. A direct method (Method 1) in which the total digestible nutrient content (TDN) is calculated in the nutrient requirements of dairy cattle: seventh revised edition, 2001 NRC based on the measured value of the feed ingredient of oat, and a calibration curve is generated and evaluated by near-infrared spectroscopy using the calculated value, and a method (Method 2) in which the estimated value of the feed ingredient is obtained by near-infrared spectroscopy and the TDN content is indirectly calculated in the nutrient requirements of dairy cattle: seventh revised edition, 2001 NRC based on the calculated value, were examined, and it was clarified that Method 1 is superior.