巻号一覧
34 巻 (1994 - 1995)
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34 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の6件中1～6を表示しています
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富田 克利, 河野 元治, 鬼塚 浩次, 加川 博敏, 田中 純朋1994 年 34 巻 1 号 p. 1-10
発行日: 1994/07/07
公開日: 2011/09/20
ジャーナル フリーMany hydrothermal alteration zones exist in the Ibusuki area, Kagoshima Prefecture. These alteration zones were formed within Ata caldera at the southern end of Kyushu. The original rocks of these altered ones are the in-filling volcanic rocks of the caldera. The altered zones were formed after the eruption of Ata pyroclastic flow which occurred 43, 910 years ago. Volcanic rocks erupted after the Ikeda pyroclastic flow deposits were scarcely altered. Therefore, these altered zones were probably formed after the eruption of the Ata pyroclastic flow and before the Ikeda pyroclastic flow. Clay minerals in some alteration zones were likewise studied. Altered minerals such as cristobalite, tridymite, alunite, kaolinite, 10 Å-halloysite, boehmite, heulandite and some iron minerals were observed in this area. Some of these zones were divided into three zones characterized by the presence of altered minerals. These are cristobalite zone, kaolinite zone and smectite zone from the inner silicified part to the outer part.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2148K) -
宮脇 律郎, 渡村 信治, 犬飼 恵一, 岡崎 正治, 小西 由也, 杉山 和正, 里川 重夫1994 年 34 巻 1 号 p. 11-21
発行日: 1994/07/07
公開日: 2011/09/20
ジャーナル フリーWater quenched blast furnace slag was examined as raw material for the hydrothermal synthesis of kaolinite at 220°C. Kaolinite could not be obtained from the raw slag with a lower polycondensation state of unhydrated silica nor from the annealed slag with gehienite-structure. The HCl-treatment of the slag successively makes hydration and polycondensation of the silica so as to form a silica-gel consisting of hydrated silanol and unhydrated silica. The obtained silica-gel reacts with aluminum hydroxide under the hydrothermal condition to form kaolinite with böhmite. The uses of acidic solutions as the hydrothermal liquids can improve the formation of kaolinite. Spherical kaolinite was dominantly formed with the reaction in the H2SO4-solution, whereas platy kaolinite was crystallized in the HNO3-solution.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (3192K) -
組織および膨張圧特性石田 良二, 堤 貞夫1994 年 34 巻 1 号 p. 22-34
発行日: 1994/07/07
公開日: 2011/09/20
ジャーナル フリーSoft rocks, especially smectite bearing tuffs and mud stones, sometimes create serious hazards such as ground pressure, landslide and crumbling of cut slope. In the previous report, it was elucidated that the deterioration of soft rocks during water absorbing process was affected by the content of smectite and exchangeable cation composition.
Several tests such as scanning electron microscopy, measuring of pore distribution, swelling pressure tests and unconfined compression tests were carried out to clarify physical and mechanical properties of soft rocks. The properties such as surface morphology and texture and swelling pressure were likewise determined. The results of such tests are summarized as follows:
(1) The morphology and swelling behaviors of smectites in soft rocks are closely related to the content and exchangeable cation composition of smectite.
(2) The texture (pore distribution) of soft rocks is related not only to the age of sedimentation but also with the types of alteration of rocks and the content of smectite.
(3) The deterioration of soft rocks depends upon its mechanical strength. The lower the strength is, the more easily soft rocks deteriorate.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (3806K) -
北山 淑江, 伊藤 耕一郎, 村岡 雅弘, 大泉 学1994 年 34 巻 1 号 p. 35-39
発行日: 1994/07/07
公開日: 2011/09/20
ジャーナル フリーDistribution of impurity ions in MgO6 octahedral and SiO4 tetrahedral sheets in a natural sepiolite of Chinese origin was separately determined by chemical analysis. Sepiolite is a fibrous magnesia silicate with intramolecular tunnels along the fiber axis. The MgO6 octahedra sheet is sandwiched between two sheets of SiO4 tetrahedra. Sepiolite contains aluminum, iron, manganese and titanium ions as impurity ions. The aluminum content was larger in the SiO4 sheet than in the MgO6sheet, on the contrary, the iron content was larger in the MgO6 sheet. A structural formula of the sepiolite is shown in the following scheme:
(Si11.64 Al0.31 Fe0.05)(Mg7.62 Al0.02 Fe0.35 Mntrace Titrace) O30 (OH) 4 (H20) 4nH2O.
Angular dependence of the resonant field of electron paramagnetic resonance (ESR) spectra for well oriented fibers of the sepiolite showed following spectra (1) a broad and smear peak centered at g=2.0 due to octahedral Fe3+, (2) sextet resonance lines due to octahedral Mn2+ superposed on it, (3) resolved peaks at g=4.3 due to tetrahedral Fe3+. The well oriented SiO2 residue could be obtained by removing MgO6 sheet from sepiolite with treatment of mixed solution of HNO3 and HCl. The well oriented SiO2 residue showed a clear resolved spectrum pattern at g=4.3. When the fiber axis of the sample was set perpendicular or parallel to the applied magnetic field, it's ESR spectra showed different line shapes. Peak at g=2.0 however was not observed. The substitutions of Si4+ and Mg2+ with Fe3+ were confirmed by anisotropic ESR spectra of Fe3+ in sepiolite and in the SiO2 residue. An excess of electrons in SiO4 sheet is generated by substitution of Si4+ with Al3+ or Fe3+. On the other hand, a deficiency of electrons in MgO6 sheet is generated by the substitution of Mg2+ with Al3+ or Fe3+. A deficiency of electrons in the MgO6 may be compensated by an excess of electrons in the SiO4 sheet.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (504K) -
岡田 清, 三村 恭子, 野木 滋1994 年 34 巻 1 号 p. 40-47
発行日: 1994/07/07
公開日: 2011/09/20
ジャーナル フリーHydrotalcite (HT) type layered compounds [M (II) 1-xInx (OH) 2 (NO3) xnH2O] with varying M (II) were synthesized and characterized by various methods. Preparations were done by coprecipitation and by adsorption. HT type compounds can be synthesized in the cases of M=(II) Ni2+ at pH=7, Mg2+ at pH=10, Co2+ at pH=7 and Ca2+ at pH=12 but not in the cases of M (II)=Cu2+, Zn2+, Mn2+, and Sr2+. The basal spacings of the HT type compounds range from 8.0 to 8.7Å. That of Ca-In HT compound (8.7Å) expanded to 10.2Å in R. H.=100%, while it shrank to 7.9Å in R. H.=0%, reversibly. The Ca/In ratio was around 2/1 and the NO3-concentration was smaller than the ideal value due to a partial substitution of CO32-. Crystallinity of the M (II)-In HT compounds was poor except for the Ca-In HT. It is probably due to the large ionic radius of In3+ compared with those of the M (II) cations except for Ca2+. Formation of M (II)-M (III) HT compounds was found to be almost restricted to the cases for M (II) and M (III) cations where M (II)(OH) O2 has a CdI2 type layer structure and the coordination polyhedra of M (III) cations in hydroxides are octahedra.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2826K) -
硫酸溶液中での粘土鉱物の生成河野 元治, 富田 克利1994 年 34 巻 1 号 p. 48-58
発行日: 1994/07/07
公開日: 2011/09/20
ジャーナル フリーFormation and transformation processes of clay minerals during experimental alteration of obsidian in H2SO4 solution were examined by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Dissolution mechanism of obsidian in H2SO4 solution was also investigated byX-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The experimental alteration was performed in 0.01N and 0.001N H2SO4 solutions at 150°C and 200°C for 1 to 60 days, respectively. Concentrations of dissolvedelements in solutions and their pH values were also measured. At 200°C reaction, alunite, fibrous boehmite, and platy kaolinite were produced in acidic solution, whereas flaky smectite appeared with increasing the pH value above 7. At 150°C reaction, boehmite, allophane, and halloysite were producedat the early stage, and a small amount of spherical kaolinite appeared at later stage. Results of TEM indicated that flaky smectite was formed from fibrous boehmite by phase transition process, likewise halloysite was transformed from aggregates of allophane particles as alteration progressed.Based on stability diagram for the system of Na2O-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O, it was found that kaolinite andsmectite were formed as a stable phase, whereas boehmite, allophane, and halloysite appearedas a metastable phase. It was demonstrated by XPS that Na was preferentially leached from the obsidian surface independent on pH values of solutions. However, the rate of Al/Si leaching increased in solutions at pH<3, and the rate decreased above the value.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (7564K)
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