巻号一覧
33 巻 (1993 - 1994)
- 4 号 p. 181-
- 3 号 p. 130-
- 2 号 p. 59-
- 1 号 p. 3-
33 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の6件中1～6を表示しています
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古賀 愼1993 年 33 巻 1 号 p. 3-12
発行日: 1993/05/25
公開日: 2011/09/20
ジャーナル フリーThe outlook of ultradeep scientific drilling operations are summarized.
This review was conducted to infer the reason why the synthetic hectorite has beenapplied to the drilling muds. The results obtained are summarized as follows:
1. The viscosity of synthetic smectite-NaC1 suspensions showed the maximum value called viscosy hump at the NaCI concentration of 20 meq/1 approximately.
2. In a hydrothermal condition, Na-montmorillonite was easy to change, however, Ca-montmorillonite showed no significant changes.
3. Synthetic saponites showed a crystal growth with increasing hydrothermal duration at 300°C, and they also kept to have physicochemical and rheological properties.
The observed differences of the synthetic and natural smectites were discussed in relation to rheological behaviors and hydrothermal stabilities.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1113K) -
上田 智, 田中 高紀, 新原 晧一1993 年 33 巻 1 号 p. 13-18
発行日: 1993/05/25
公開日: 2011/09/20
ジャーナル フリーSilicalite 1, Ga-ZSM-5, and Ga, AI-ZSM-5 solid solution were hydrothermally synthesized at 185°C using silicon metal (99.999%) powder as the silica source. Their crystals were commonly spherulites consisting of radial aggregates of needles grown in the direction of c-axis. Dimensions of these spherulites were in the range of 10 to 151.tm, and grew up to 181.tm with increase of the Al content. It can be considered that the spherulites were formed in solutions with high concentrations as compared with the growth environments of prismatic crystals.
The orthorhombic cell edges for products are as follows.
Silicalite 1: a=20.103, b=19.950, c=13.436Å
Al end-member: a=20.117, b=19.961, c=13.442Å
Ga end-member: a=20.145, b=19.989, c=13.456Å
The lattice parameters for solid solutions varied between those of the end-members, and approximately increased uniformly with increase of the Ga content. This is brought about by the difference in ionic radius between A13+ and Ga3+ ions.
With the replacement of Al by Ga, however, the expansion in c-axis was small as compared with those in a-and b-axes. The elongation of c-axis was supposed to be hampered due to rigid link form of chain-type connection composed of 5-rings in the same direction.
Silicalite 1 was considerably siliceous at 2x105 for SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio. Al and Ga end-members contained 6.0Al and 6.0Ga per unit cell, respectively and this Ga content was maximum in this experiment, but it is not clear whether the Al content was maximum or not.
All products between the end-members were regarded as an ideal solid solution based from the relationship between the Ga2O3 molar fractios (Ga2O3/(Al2O3+Ga2O3)) of the products and those of the starting materials. The (Al+Ga) contents/u. c. of the solid solutions were in narrow range between 5.9 and 6.1, and hence it can be considered that there is no site preference between Al and Ga atoms in ZSM-5 framework.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (3248K) -
林 剛, 南出 文夫, 大谷 功1993 年 33 巻 1 号 p. 19-25
発行日: 1993/05/25
公開日: 2011/09/20
ジャーナル フリーA low grade pottery stone abundant in quartz and iron sulfide impurities was purified by using the test plant equipped with a decanter type centrifuge and a liquid-liquid extractor. Centrifugal classification was performed two times at different accelerations in respective stage. The extractor combined with a slurry pump for dispersing oil drops in the aqueous slurry and an oil-water separation cell was used for extraction of fine sulfides particles from the slurry by kerosene. The solid in the product stream of the centrifugal process was enriched with clay fraction having a particle size of 98% less than 5μm and the Fe203 content in the clay product mainly composed of sericite was 0.77wt%, even though the mass recovery was 11% by weight. By the additional oil-extraction process, the residual Fe203 in the clay product was decreased to 0.38wt% with Fe rejection of 94%. The achievement of such a high degree of purification is attributed to the characteristic texture of the raw ore composed of fine clay mineral particles and ligid quartz with coarse grain size resulting in the easy liberation to free particles and also to the appropriate preparation of raw slurry avoiding the overgrinding of pyrite.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (760K) -
宮脇 律郎, 小島 朗裕, 渡村 信治, 芝崎 靖雄1993 年 33 巻 1 号 p. 26-35
発行日: 1993/05/25
公開日: 2011/09/20
ジャーナル フリーThe pulverization condition was examined for pulverizing of kaolinite by a beads agitating attrition mill without peptizer. Georgia kaolinite was pulverized with the individually varied conditions of pulverization period, concentration of the slurry, and rotation speed of the agitation rod. The measurement of particle size distribution, observation by transmission electron microscope, and estimation of crystal size in the 001 direction from X-ray diffraction data were carried out to check the degree of the pulverization. The damage of kaolinite and contamination from the mill were also monitored. Kaolinite could be pulverized with the slight damage and contamination under the condition of higher concentration of the slurry, slower rotation speed of the agitation rod, and shorter pulverization period.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (3860K) -
ケイ藻中に生成したパイライト堀坂 明生, 田崎 和江, 野田 修司1993 年 33 巻 1 号 p. 36-43
発行日: 1993/05/25
公開日: 2011/09/20
ジャーナル フリーBiomineralization of pyrite has been found inside of diatom cell in sludge (Hedoro) of Lake Nakaumi. Direct observations by using SEM equipped with BSI, and EDX revealed formation processes of microbial pyrite. In sludge (0-2.5cm depth) numerous diatoms (Coscinodiscus nitidus) form several framboidal pyrite (5μm diameter) inside cell. The framboidal pyrite are coated by thin film compose of Fe and S that is the almost same composition as pyrite. The BSI image shows slightly weak dense on the surface of film suggesting presence of organics. Chemical composition of normal diatom cell is alomst pure Si. On the other hand, the diatom forming pyrite shows elementary differences between girdle and valve. Chemistory of the girdle shows Fe and S elements indicating substitution of Si. Quantity of Fe and S increases outside to inside of girdle. The formation process of framboidal pyrite inside cell is as follows: The first step is formation of spherical FeS mineral (pyrrhotite), next step is a mixture of pyrite and pyrrhotite by adding S and dehydration. Then the mixture makes a rough framboid. Hexahedron and pentagonal dodecahedron are the characteristic crystal habits of framboidal pyrite in diatom. Some framboidal pyrite coated by thin film of clays with organics. Dozens of framboid aggregate form a ball 50μm in diameter. Formation of framboidal pyrite in diatom should be initially controlled by organics of biofilm.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (9644K) -
林 剛, 松本 幸英, 大津賀 望1993 年 33 巻 1 号 p. 44-49
発行日: 1993/05/25
公開日: 2011/09/20
ジャーナル フリーA reciprocating liquid-liquid countercurrent extractor was used for the separation of zinc sulfide impurities from a sericite clay. The Zn content in the clay was lowered to about 400ppm by the extraction using kerosene and the follwing informations on the operational conditions were obtained for good extraction of the impurities.
Oil phase should be proper in quantity and dispersion state including number and particle size of oil droplets so that the sulfides can transfer easily into the droplets. Besides a certain period in which the sulfides and droplets contact adequately with each other is required. Excess feed of the clay suspension causes a flooding phenomenon, i. e. the hold-up of oil phase in the extraction cells, resulting in the decrease of separation efficiency of the sulfides. In relation to the equipment, the separation efficiency tends to increse when the column length, the span between plates and the reciprocating width of plate are set longer, respectively. The stroke number of plate plays a role regulating the size of oil droplets, so the flooding occurs at low frequencies.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (703K)
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