粘土科学

月布ベントナイト鉱床における川向坑産ベントナイトと梅ノ木田坑産ベントナイトの鉱物学的比較

横山信吾, 黒田真人, 筒井政則, 佐藤努, 鈴木啓三, 榎戸洋之

2004 年 44 巻 2 号 p. 45-52
発行日: 2004/12/16
公開日: 2011/09/20

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11362/jcssjnendokagaku1961.44.45

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Characterization of the Kawamukai (KB) and Umenokida (UB) bentonites from the Tsukinuno bentonite mines were investigated by XRD analysis, XRF analysis, ICP-MS, petrography, SEM, AFM, and surface area determination by the N₂-BET method.
XRD analyses and petrography identified quartz, feldspar, zeolite facies, calcite, and montmorillonite in the Tsukinuno bentonite. The zeolite facies in KB and UB are analcime and clinoptilolite, respectively. The Mg/(Ca+Mg) ratio of calcite based on ICP-MS in KB is higher than that in UB. These results suggest that KB has undergone a higher alteration than UB. Since no heat source such as an igneous intrusion has been reported to affect the bentonite deposits, the difference in the degree of alteration can be attributed to the effective stress applied on the deposits during folding. This is supported by the higher angle of deformation found in the KB than in UB.
The layer charge distribution in montmorillonite from both bentonites indicates a bimodal distribution. Mean layer charge of Kawamukai-montmorillonite (KM) is 0.31 esu/half unit cell, which is slightly higher than Umenokida-montmorillonite (0.29 esu/half unit cell). However, this difference in mean layer charges does not affect expandability largely. Thickness of both montmorillonite layers (i.e. KM and UM) determined with AFM is close to the height of a single hydrated montmorillonite layer. The ab dimension of UM is bigger than that of KM. This results in a large difference in the edge surface area per unit mass for UM and KM. Since the edge surface areas are more reactive, differences in physical and chemical properties such as adsorptive ability and permittivity would arise for the two bentonites.

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アロフェン成形体の水酸化ナトリウム水熱処理によるゼオライト化

松本泰治, 飯沼友英, 磯文夫, 山村隆, 三星敏雄, 後藤義昭

2004 年 44 巻 2 号 p. 53-61
発行日: 2004/12/16
公開日: 2011/09/20

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11362/jcssjnendokagaku1961.44.53

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Zeolite A compacts were directly prepared from allophane compacts, having a columnar shape with the size of 5.8mm in diameter and 4.4mm in length, through hydrothermal reaction with NaOH solution of 3 mol·dm^-3 at 80°C. After the hydrothermal reaction, the allophane transformed to zeolite A and then the shape of compacts has been maintained. The crystallization rate of zeolite A on the surface of compacts was faster than that in the internal part. An aging treatment leaded to reduce a difference in crystallization rate between the surface and the internal part of compacts. The crystal morphology of zeolite A on the surface exhibits cubic shape consisting of {100} plane. On the other hand, {100} and {110} planes appeared on the crystal occurring formed in the internal part.

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陽イオン交換マガディアイトの表面官能基と層空間の特性 (I)

層間隔と表面水酸基の振動スペクトル

村石治人

2004 年 44 巻 2 号 p. 62-67
発行日: 2004/12/16
公開日: 2011/09/20

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11362/jcssjnendokagaku1961.44.62

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M-type magadiites (M₂Si₁₄O₂₉·nH₂O) were prepared by exchanging Na ion of magadiite (Na₂Si₁₄O₂₉.nH₂O) with a series of alkaline metal ions M⁺ (M⁺: Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Rb⁺, Cs⁺), and were studied from the standpoints of the sites of interlayer cations and the influences of their cations on surface hydroxyl groups. Interlayer cations in M-type magadiites were different in the state and the position, respectively. Na ion occupied a central position in interlayer spaces with water molecules. Li ion was attracted to water molecule and situated in basin which was made up by the surface oxygen atoms. The other ions existed in the naked state and also situated in the basin. In particularly, Cs ion could be fixed by fitting tightly in eight-membered ring which consisted of basal oxygen atoms of silicate layer. These effects resulted in a changing of electron distribution and, consequently, in a lowering of the degree of dissociation on surface hydroxyl groups.

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迅速・簡便な染色方法に用いた湖底土の特徴

田崎和江

2004 年 44 巻 2 号 p. 68-80
発行日: 2004/12/16
公開日: 2011/09/20

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11362/jcssjnendokagaku1961.44.68

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The deep purple color of dyed silk derives from lake sediments in Shibayama-gata lagoon, Kaga City, Ishikawa, Japan. Quick and easy dyeing method in purple was found by using blackish gray fine clayey sediments in the lagoon, associated with hot spring water. The sediments consist of low crystalline chlorite, smectite, and kaolin minerals as well as a large amount of Fe associated with K, Ca, Ti, and Mn elements. The lake sediments occurred under reducing conditions, such as Eh-150mV and Dissolved Oxygen 0.31mg/1, pH 6. 7, and EC 1. 12mS/cm. In the initial process, hot spring water (70°C) and tealeaves were used before preservation in the sediments. In this stage, the silk was not dyed yet, and was stained on only light in green color. The hot spring water with high salinity was collected from Katayamazu Hot Springs in Kaga, beside Shibayama-gata lagoon. The next process, the wet silk was dyed in deep purple with the lake sediments for few minutes, and was soaked in longer time the color get deepen. Anaerobic iron bacteria contribute to reducing Fe condition and dyeing in purple.

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環境浄化材としての粘土および機能性粘土の利用

小野寺嘉郎

2004 年 44 巻 2 号 p. 81-89
発行日: 2004/12/16
公開日: 2011/09/20

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11362/jcssjnendokagaku1961.44.81

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訂正

2004 年 44 巻 2 号 p. 115
発行日: 2004年
公開日: 2011/09/20

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11362/jcssjnendokagaku1961.44.2_115

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