財団法人服部植物研究所報告

Eleven species of Fissidens are recognized in the Hawaiian bryoflora. Fissidens hawaiicus and F. oahuensis are considered synonymous with the cosmopolitan F. bryoides, both F. baldwinii and F. bishopii with F. elegans, and F. mauiensis with F. pacificus. Fissidens taxifolius is considered an element of the flora. Fissidens intermedius is reported in the flora for the first time, while F. bryoides and F. elegans are reported for the first time as such. A key, descriptions, illustrations and maps indicating local distributions are provided for all species.

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The genus Zelometeorum Manuel, gen. nov. consists of five species distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of the New World and Africa. Zelometeorium ambiguum (Hornsch. in Mart.) Manuel comb. nov. is disjunct between South American and Africa where it was previously unknown. The remaining four species viz. Z. allionii Manuel, sp. nov., Z. patens (Hook.) Manuel, comb. nov., Z. patulum (Hedw.) Manuel, comb. nov., Z. recurvifolium (Hornsch. in Mart.) Manuel, comb. nov. are restricted to tropical America. Floribundaria flaccida (Mitt.) Broth. is excluded from the genus. In addition to descriptions, illustrations, keys, and distribution maps, remarks on bryogeography, morphology, nomenclature, and taxonomy are provided.

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The tolerance of Sphagnum fimbriatum Wils. towards some inorganic pollutants (As, F, Hg and Cu) was studied in long-term aseptic laboratory cultures. Only slight or no growth-retarding effect was found when Hg²⁺, Cu²⁺ or F^- were given at a low concentration (10^-2 and 10^-3 mM) but arsenate strongly inhibited development even in 10^-2 mM solution. Fluoride and copper ions proved to be the least poisonous of these substances but all of them were nearly or quite lethal at a concentration of 1 mM. The cytopathological features seen in plants grown in sublethal concentrations were fairly characteristic of the substances tested, showing that they disturb different metabolic pathways in the cells. Both arsenate and copper stimulated synthesis of starch in the chloroplasts. Mercury and fluoride promoted lipid accumulation in the spherosomes and chloroplasts. High concentrations of arsenate and fluoride disturbed the differentiation of hyaline cells. The physiological effects of these substances are discussed with special reference to the problem of pollution.

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