The genus Plagiochasma Lehm. et Lindenb. is represented in Asia and Oceania by 35 described taxa. Only five widely distributed species can be clearly defined. Two species are transferred to the genus Athalamia, two others, to Reboulia. Two taxa remain doubtfull. P. microcephalum, an African species, is reported also from Asia. In addition to synonymy, data on the types, descriptions, illustrations and distributional maps, remarks on specific variation, systematic affinities, ecology and distribution are provided for each species.
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