The Functional Master Plan for the Preservation of Agricultural and Rural Open Space Plan on Montgomery County was adopted in 1980. The Plan created a comprehensive program including the Transfer of Development Rights (TDRs). TDR programs allow the transfer of future development potential from properties in sending areas. Sending areas are designated where the community desires preservation or development limitations, such as productive farmland, environmentally sensitive areas, scenic areas, open spaces, or historic buildings and districts. Land owners in sending areas are restricted from making maximum economic use of their properties through zoning or other regulations. But the landowners in sending areas will be compensated by selling the TDRs of own agricultural land to developers in receiving areas. Developers will be able to build more additional developments by using their bought TDRs in receiving areas. Receiving areas are to be identified in adopted and approved individual Area Master Plan and are to be consistent with environmental, transportation, housing and population guidelines.

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This study examines proportion of conserved original land forms and transformation of their distribution pattern in each development phase within the areas between B-1 (1971) and B-6 (1999) districts (1, 356ha in total) at Tama Newtown. The result indicates that I. 114.3ha of original land forms (51 locations), approximately 8 percent of the total area within B-1 to B-6 districts, has been remained so far, including 108.1 ha of areas (45 locations) where original land forms have been conserved and protected as integrated part of public parks or green conservation areas. This study also clarifies that there are significant changes during 1990s development phases from the initial development stages (1970s) such as II. overall conservation of original land forms with clusters of different topographic features III. increasing rate of conserved original land forms within the total development area Therefore, development methods at the latter stages at Tama Newtown are characterized by growing tendency to utilize potentiality of original land forms and conserve them as integrated part of public parks with respect to characteristics of undulating topography of Tama hills.

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The purpose of this paper is to clarify the structure of land-use transition based on watershed units. The database compiled by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport of Japan, which is a 100 meter grid cell data of the land-use in 1976, 1991, was used to examine the land-use transition of Naka-gawa river basin. The results are as follows: 1) Naka-gawa river basin containing 8 main watersheds can be subdivided into 393 watershed units. 2) Land-use transition on based watershed units in 1976, 1991 analyzed using GIS overlay analysis. 3) Characteristics of land-use transition became clear using Principal Component Analysis. 4) Watershed units can be classified into 7 types using Cluster Analysis with principal component score. 5) There exists the relationship between the land-use and regional environmental elements such as land-form and soils. 6) We could represent Land-use transition on watershed units in a simple diagram.

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Recently, public works of the government or local government has been reconsidered. We verified whether the costs which Nagano city pays to maintain Nagano Olympic Institutions would be appropriate. We measured the economic value of Nagano Olympic Institutions based on the consciousness of the citizens of Nagano city using CVM (Contingent Valuation Method). And we investigated the relation between residents' conciousness and WTP (willingness to pay). As a result, it was found that the economic value of Nagano Olympic Institutions turned out to be about 867 million yen per year, and residents' who wanted to go to the Nagano Olympic Institution, or residents' who answered that the Nagano Olympic Institution was suitable as a symbol of Nagano city, showed willingness to payment.

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This paper analyzes the collaborative process to design public space, the decision making process based on the various design concerns of different designers and artists. We chose sculpture symposium as a case study, since the outcomes of the symposium are typically landscape architecture rather than sculptures placed in the public space and their concern is more simplified in the formal issues which describe decision making process more clearly. Although this analysis is based on the collaboration of sculptors, it helps to develop the desirable types of collaboration between landscape architects, architects, designers, and artists.
In conclusion, two major types of collaboration were found to well function when different design intentions from different professions met. This implies the possible working process of public space design through collaboration of designers and artists from various background.

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This paper tries to clarify the changing process of commerce integration district of attracting visitor from wide area in Tokyo, based on the titles and tables of contents in the feature articles on magazine of city information such as ‘Hanako’, ‘Tokyo Walker’, ‘Sanpo no Tatsujin’. The main findings are as follows: 1) 122 areas appeared in all magazines and major areas were 28 ones, 2) 122 areas are spatially classified into 5 groups, 3) The typical image of areas were such as ‘adult’, ‘high-class’. 4) The changes of image of the area are classified into 4 groups.

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In this paper, the rural·urban integration through the use of allotment gardens was discussed. We investigated the allotment gardens users attributes, frequency in use, time-distance, contributable factors to users satisfaction, by the interview with 438 urban and rural allotment gardens participants. Results show that 1) Users age composition of urban allotment gardens is biased to 50's and 60's, whereas that of rural allotment gardens is more evenly distributed. 2) Only the farm products and works positively contributed to urban users satisfaction, whereas, community ties and rural landscape also positively contributed to rural allotment gardens users satisfaction. Those findings suggest that allotment gardens in rural areas can play a significant role in the formation and maintenance of the rural·urban integration.

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Most of unused site are used as vegetable garden at inhabitant's disposal in Iisan new town in Korea. This study is aimed to clear the meaning and role of vegetable garden in unused site and to suggest possibility of setting of vegetable garden in new town. It based on interview survey with the users of vegetable garden in unused site. As the result of study, the using of vegetable garden has many effects in the aspect of healty and rest, mental, and social, with the role of utility. Moreover, because the users desire setting of vegetable garden as small size in reesidential district, it is necessary to set vegetable garden in new town in Korea.

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A novel evaluation framework of farmlands in a rural-urban mixed area was developed towards a sustainable agricultural system. The object of the framework was to establish a material circulation system that utilizes kitchen waste from houses to fertilize nearby farmlands. The framework was then applied to Kokubunji City in the Metropolis of Tokyo, a representative rural-urban mixed area. The framework illustrated that the degree to which farms may obtain sufficient compost is a factor of the size of the farms and their interspersing rate. The smaller the farms and the more interspersed they are, the greater the sufficiency of compost is. Meanwhile, farm products in small-scale farmlands with sufficient compost satisfy the demand of those households providing kitchen waste.

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