Objective: This paper examines the temporal change of citations between disciplines in science. Data: 4,463 journals that were continuously recorded in the 2001-2009 Journal Citation Reports Science Edition were classified into 22 fields, and the citations between those fields were counted. Methods: Citations between the fields were normalized by the number of papers in both the citing and cited fields. The slope of the linear regression obtained from year of 2001 - 2009 was used as the change ratio of the normalized citation number. The citing-cited field pairs were extracted that show significant change in the normalized citations and also have fixed number of citations. Results / Discussion: As for the change in normalized citations between fields, 14 pairs showed the increasing tendency and 42 pairs showed the decreasing trend. Most of the field pairs showing the decreasing trend were belonged to life sciences, such as Multidisciplinary, Molecular Biology & Genetics. In those fields of life sciences, however, citations to articles published in journals other than 4,463 targeted journals increased temporally, thus cited journals were spreading. It was confirmed that the influence of the difference of scale (the number of papers) of field could be eliminated as a result of normalization.

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To find the duplication of technical communication educational program in higher education with curriculum in primary and secondary education, we compared contents of “knowledge and abilities” educated in Technical Communication Comprehensive Program with educational matters of “Gakushuu Shidou Youryou (course of study)” in primary and secondary education in Japan. The results showed that in the subject “Joho”(Information), fields of “Information gathering and analysis”, “Information architecture” and “Compliance” of “knowledge and abilities” for technical communication are included in the primary and secondary educational matters. Because of these results, it is expected the teachers on technical communication can educate efficiently considering knowledge and abilities of the learners on technical communication in university curriculum, and also expected the learners on technical communication can recognize the knowledge and abilities related to technical communication knowledge and abilities in their own, so they can study organically.

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The purpose of this research is to clarify the current status of the description on the collection of evidence in the clinical practice guidelines in Japan and examined the problem by comparing it with foreign clinical practice guidelines. In the case of Japan it turned out that many of the evidence collection records were unclear. Therefore, the problem of lack of concrete support on the method of collection and the significance of necessity became clear. It is necessary to clearly record and publish evidence collections to prepare clinical practice guidelines. This shows the reproducibility, completeness, and limits of collection of evidence collection methods. Also, this will show the transparency of action. This transparency is comparable to the disclosure of conflicts of interest in the creation of clinical guidelines. It is desirable that these importance be described clearly in the clinical practice guideline creation manual and widely operated.

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