This paper explores the relationship between foraging societies and violence by closely examining the Great Lakes Batwa of the Virunga Mountains. Existing literature has limited violence to political dynamics about dominance and has generally regarded hunter-gatherer societies as peaceful and egalitarian. In contrast, this paper highlights the emotional and physical aspects of violence among the Batwa, asking what violence does in the totality of life, i.e. the ontology of violence. First, a quantitative analysis on the frequency and tendency of Batwa violence will be given and followed by ethnographic case studies demonstrating the characteristics of Batwa violence. Amongst the Batwa, emotion is particularly significant because fighting invites and transforms to all other emotional practices, blurring conceptual boundaries. Based on such analysis, I propose the term "polyemotion=body" to discuss the egalitarian emotional experience open to all emotions=bodies, and argue that such equality of emotions is at the core of "egalitarian violence"; violence that does not dominate and conquer but resonates and rejoices. Finally, I suggest redefining the relationship between violence, peace, and egalitarianism by rethinking peace and equality as active concepts including violence within them.

This paper ethnographically examines indigenous peoples' resistance to the 'Amazon Waterway Project,' a river development project in Peruvian Amazonia, focusing on the process of environmental impact assessment (EIA). The project includes dredging practices to increase the navigability of the river. With the participation of indigenous organizations and leaders, the debate over dredging goes beyond the environmental politics as usual and becomes a cosmological issue. Drawing on political ontology, particularly the concept of pluriversal politics, I examine the process of the EIA and the equivocations therein, through which a negotiation between the Indigenous water world owned by Akoron, the Mother-river Anaconda, and the modern world of the state and corporations emerges. This paper also emphasizes how the power of modern scientific knowledge acts to varying degrees on indigenous leaders, who in turn attempt to translate it into indigenous knowledge. Such translations are their art to live and mediate 'pluri-rivers.'

As we confront an era of global-scale disasters, humanity is called upon to adopt resilient thinking. At the core of resilient thinking is the understanding that the Earth's systems should be viewed as a complex adaptive system beyond full human control. We must constantly adapt our ways of life to meet the demands of a changing environment. The contributors to this special theme have sought to explore resilient social models from a public anthropology perspective, engaging with recent research trends in resilience through collaboration with architecture and incorporating digital anthropology. They take on the challenge of "living in an era of global-scale disasters" with keywords like "resilience,""public anthropology," and "digital anthropology" as guiding principles. We will examine resilient social models in the specific post-2011 Great East Japan Earthquake context through four essays, focusing on Minamisanriku in Miyagi Prefecture and Fukushima Prefecture.

Natural disasters are receiving a lot of public attention, especially in Japan, a country with a high rate of natural disasters. Disaster recovery has become a pressing public issue. This paper examines the "resilient social model" from the perspective of public anthropology. It uses the example of Minamisanriku Town in Miyagi Prefecture, which was affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011. Resilience is defined as the ability to adapt to changing conditions and, in the context of disasters, to recover after a disaster. It is important to note that this does not mean returning to the previous state. After the disaster, this town set its vision for the future by promoting a recycling-oriented society. It focuses on the connection between people and nature. The program is called "People, Mountains, Settlement and Sea: A Town That Restores Life." Methodologically, the paper aims to contribute to the development of public anthropology by introducing the method of digital ethnography.

This study aims to explore regional characteristics and social resilience in disaster recovery, seeking new possibilities for public anthropology through digital technology in response to fieldwork challenges encountered during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a Python program developed by the author, PlaceExplorer, this research examines a 500-meter radius around disaster ruins from the Great East Japan Earthquake on online maps, collecting and analyzing reviews of nearby facilities that emerged during the recovery process.

The findings highlight the role of disaster ruins as driving forces of recovery, revealed through Google Maps review analysis, and propose a resilient social model based on case studies in Rikuzentakata, Minamisanriku, and Onagawa. The study also integrates the idea of "dynamic regional geography" through online map exploration and suggests pathways to apply findings to foster inquiry-based learning in public education. As a role of public anthropologists, it aims to provide methods for understanding local contexts through digital data and integrating diverse perspectives.

This study examines the phenomenon of migration to tsunami-affected areas through the lens of "multiplicity" in digital anthropology, focusing on the case of Minamisanriku Town, Miyagi Prefecture, which was severely impacted by the Great East Japan Earthquake. Employing data from YouTube, Instagram, and Facebook, the research integrates quantitative topic modeling and qualitative ethnographic methods to analyze how migrants express their visions and affects in digital spaces. The findings reveal platform-specific characteristics: YouTube highlights personal experiences and daily life, Instagram emphasizes the sensory appeal and positivity of migration, and Facebook underscores community engagement and collaboration. Using Explainable AI (XAI) tools for image caption analysis, the study uncovers implicit norms and values shaping social behaviors. By comparing digital and face-to-face narratives, this research illuminates how digital platforms mediate self-presentation and social roles, contributing to a nuanced understanding of migration phenomena and advancing methodological innovation in digital anthropology.

This study focuses on post-disaster tourism as a means of exploring community development in Fukushima after the Great East Japan Earthquake. Tourism provides a means of learning about local challenges and engaging with broader societal issues. During the COVID-19 pandemic, new forms of tourism, including online or virtual tours, emerged. This study ethnographically examines the landscapes of post-disaster reconstruction tourism comprising both offline and online spaces. Specifically, it focuses on the initiatives related to "learning" and "migration support" in the Hamadori region of Fukushima Prefecture more than a decade after the disaster. This study examines the perspectives of those actively involved in post-disaster tourism. It highlights how post-disaster tourism functions not only as a tool for socially and economically linking disaster-affected areas with other regions but also as a valuable mechanism for promoting openness and contributing to the creation of a resilient post-disaster society.

This study argues for the anthropological study of accounting, emphasizing its critical role as a technology that mediates and embeds an abstract"market"model, constructing"reality"through the ostensibly objective numerical representation. Accounting significantly influences organizations and individuals through its standards and practices, shaping behavior and decision-making processes, regardless of whether actors are consciously aware of the model's underlying assumptions. By standardizing global financial practices, accounting reinforces organizational norms and perpetuates economic ideologies that align with broader market-driven goals. Considering interdisciplinary perspectives, particularly Peter Miller's influential work in critical accounting theory, this study examines how accounting functions as a centripetal force, consolidating norms and practices within various organizational contexts. However, it also explores the significance of recognizing how these forces can diverge, leading to unintended outcomes that deviate from centralization.