In this article, we developed a new instructional method for information morals. In contrast with the usual method of explaining a lot of cases, in our method, learners were asked to make their own decisions by combining three sorts of knowledge such as ethical code knowledge, the knowledge of an information technology, and the knowledge of rational judgment. We implemented both methods in our lessons and compared its effectiveness from three points of "knowledge and understanding", "thinking and judgment", and "concern, volition, and attitude." As the result, our method was proved to be more effective in "thinking and judgment", and "concern, volition, and attitude." Moreover, it was more useful in such cases that the learners confronted new moral dilemma situations and the learners moderately have ethical code knowledge. As for the learners who do not have enough ethical code knowledge, there was no difference between the two methods ; however, their attitude was improved by including the activity of peer evaluation.

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This study discusses the effectiveness of group learning (speech curriculum) on each member of a group by analyses on abilities in logic and media. The curriculum was implemented to the international students at Kansai University twice between 2002 and 2003. The results indicated that the group learning was effective on students' logic construction. However, they showed little relationship with any of those factors : (1) used language-first language or second language, (2) language ability-verbal accuracy, and (3) environment-classroom or online. This suggests that the effectiveness of group learning, the improvement in logic, does not necessarily depend on learners' media skills.

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Recently, decline in the levels of academic attainment and in the learning volition of university students are pointed out. Then, some of universities execute developmental education to aim at "How to learn is learnt at the university". However, there is no time to practice developmental education because there are many compulsory subjects at the university to acquire qualifying examinations (e. g. nursing qualification). We practiced lessons about the following developmental education, in information technology education as liberal arts at University. (1) How to write reports (2) Use of information retrieval by the Internet (3) Protection of the copyright and privacy. (4) method of safely using the Internet. To examine the effect of the class, we investigated the report in the nursing specialty subject which had been submitted at the end of July when the class ended, for the student who attended the class and who not attended it. The investigation item is as follows. (1) Number of reports which use word processor (2) Whether the bibliography is described clearly or not? (3) Whether there is a retrieval which uses the Internet in the bibliography list or not? Half the number of the students wrote reports with the word-processing software. Moreover, about 90% of the students described bibliography clearly in the report. However, there was some reports which copied the result of the retrieval by the Internet. Therefore, it was suggested that the education concerning the reliability of information be newly necessary.

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This study investigated the relationship between students' motivation and use of self-regulated learning strategies. The subjects were 1381 junior high school students. Data were gathered using a questionnaire containing items on self-regulated learning strategies and motivation beliefs taken from the motivated strategies for learning questionnaire (MLSQ). Results showed that 238 students (most) perceive efforts as controllable, internal and unstable, 192 students (second) consider efforts controllable, internal, and stable. Additionally, it was found that the recognition of usefulness and cost to use self-regulated learning strategies has a direct influence on the use of self-regulated strategies, while the perception of efforts, self-efficacy and intrinsic value have indirect influences on the use of self-regulated learning strategies.

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This paper examined in what ways computer networks have been used in writing education and how they can change the traditional writing class, based upon previous literature on the use of computer networks in writing classes. It was suggested that computer networks can facilitate collaborative writing and change communication styles between the teacher and students, discourse patterns and grading patterns. They also can create functional writing environments in which students write with real audiences and purposes, and discourse communities in which students inherit and develop their own cultures. However, even if the new communication media have a great possibility to change the traditional writing class, the technology itself does not guarantee the revolution of the traditional class. It is necessary to conduct a systematic research on how to implement it in a classroom based upon sociocultural factors such as institutions, curriculum, teachers and students.

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The purpose of this study is to examine the acquisition process of discrimination between congruent figures, and to clarify the change in the amount of blood in the brain with near-infrared spectroscopy. We used the following procedures in this experiment. The problem is to select the congruent figure from some figures using parallel, rotation, and symmetry movement. During the first experiment, the subject uses and answers a transparent sheet where the figure was drawn. In the second experiment, the subject is to answer only in the image by his mind. We considered the change repeating five trials with both experiments for university student's subject. The approach employed in this analysis was as follows. We installed the 1-channel near-infrared spectroscopy in the right side frontal lobe point of subject's brain, and measured the change in the amount of blood in the brain for the experiment period. And, we examined the feature of the amount of the change of oxyHb, deoxyHb, and totalHb, and compared differences in two experiments. As a result of the experiment, the following were clarified to us. When sheet use is compared with sheet unused, the subject adopts the different method of problem solving for two experiments. It is concluded that whether the subject use the sheet or not is related to the change of the amount of blood in the brain.

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[in Japanese]

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