Morphological observations and germination experiments were carried out with two microcyclic rusts on Tsuga spp., Chrysomyxa tsugae and C. tsugae-yunnanensis. Chrysomyxa tsugae was morphologically similar to other members of Chrysomyxa, while C. tsugae-yunnanensis was different in the shape of teliospores. Teliospores of C. tsugae-yunnanensis dispersed from sori at maturity and germinated. On contrary, teliospores of C. tsugae remained in chains and did not disperse after germination. From germination experiments and karyologic observations, it was shown that a teliospore produced a basidium and formed four basidiospores, each of which had one nucleus, in both species. This nuclear condition during the teliospore germination was identical to those known in most of the macrocyclic and demicyclic rusts.

　The author searched for species assemblage of the chemoecological group of ammonia fungi on soil after decomposition of animal wastes in Ina town, Saitama Prefecture, central Japan. Five species of ammonia fungi fruited on the site of a decomposed carcass of the fowl Gallus gallus domestics. One species of that group fruited in close vicinity to a decomposed body of the Japanese raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides viverrinus. Two species of that group fruited at the site of the decomposed urine of the dog Canis familiaris. These are first records of fruiting of ammonia fungi at these three sites. Three species of ammonia fungi fruited at the site of decomposed human urine. Three species of that group and ten other fungal species were observed at two sites of Japanese raccoon dog middens. Among them, the fruiting of Hebeloma vinosophyllum at the site of decomposed human urine and fruitification of Laccaria amethystina at two sites of Japanese raccoon dog middens were recorded for the first time.

　Japan has a long history, dating back to the Nara Period, in which nobility and common people have used mushrooms as medicine and food. Here I report a survey of articles about mushrooms appearing in herbal and history books, novels, diaries of the court nobles, and temples records. I record the names and uses of edible mushrooms and poisonous mushrooms. Some antidotal methods found in herbal and medical books of the Edo Period are described and discussed.