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2006 Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages
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Article type: Appendix
2006 Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages
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Yoshimitsu INOUE, Yuki YAMATAKI, Reiko TANI
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages
1-6
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In order to examine the effects of sports career and activity in mothers on pedometer readings and motor ability in children, 75 male and female children of 2-4 yrs old and their mothers participated in this study. Pedometer readings (PR) in daily life were recorded in children and their mothers. Furthermore the mothers answered a questionnaire on their sports career and activity etc., and the children participated in a motor skill test, which consisted of a tennis ball throw, a 20m run and a standing long jump. The PR was significantly greater (p<0.05) in the mothers with longer sports career (>6 yrs) than in those with shorter sports career (<2 yrs) in their student days. The PR was significantly greater (p<0.05) in the children of 2-3 yrs whose mothers answered "yes" than in those whose mothers answered "no" to "Are you an active person?". The PR was significantly greater (p<0.05) in the children of 2-3 yrs whose mothers answered "outside" than in those whose mothers answered "inside" to "Do you prefer to spend time outside or inside?". However similar results with respect to the PR were not observed in children of 4 yrs. Positive correlation was observed between mother's PR and children's PR (p<0.01) regardless of children's age. Performance in the 20m run and standing long jump in children correlated significantly with their PR (p<0.05), but not the tennis ball throw. These results suggest that sports career in the mother may affect her PR in daily life, the mother's activity and PR may reflect the child's PR, and the child's PR may affect his or her motor ability.
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Haiyan JIN, Tetsuo KATSUURA, Koichi IWANAGA, Yoshihiro SHIMOMURA, Koji ...
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages
7-12
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In a system in which the operator must accomplish two or more tasks at the same time, an example of a method for preventing a serious accident would be sounding an alarm and giving a visual cue simultaneously. However, errors can come from inside or outside a system that might cause an alarm to fail. If this occurs, the operator may come to doubt or distrust the safety system, and its effectiveness is ruined. This can be very stressful for the operator's mental workload. In this study, we examined the influence of the absence of an alarm sound following some use of the system at 100% accuracy during performance of a cognitive task. We also examined the influence of the absence of the alarm as measured by EEG, HRV, and other tests as an index of mental workload. We used the difference in warning presentation rate as a way of measuring the influence on performance. The performance was the worst and the sympathetic nerve activity was highest in the 50% warning presentation rate condition, and the performance was better for where warning was not presented (0%) or at all of the presentation without fail (100%), and the relation between the warning presentation rate and the task performance showed the tendency to a reverse-u-shaped. It was suggested by this result that the absence of a warning sound brings about a decrease in a subject's performance and a rise in the operator's mental workload.
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Kazuhiko YAMASAKI, Kayoko NOJIRI, Mari YOKOI, Keita ISHIBASHI, Shigeka ...
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages
13-20
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The purpose of present study was to observe the differences of thermoregulatory responses between atugari (=susceptible to the heat) and samugari (=susceptible to the cold). The subjects were 12 healthy young Japanese adult women (age: 21.8±1.7yrs, stature: 160.5±7.8cm, weight: 49.6±7.5kg, BMI: 19.2±2.4). They put on shorts, T-shirts and short pants. Exposure periods were evening (E) and morning (M) during follicular phase (F) and luteal phase (L). The climatic chamber was controlled at 24℃ RH50%, the temperature increased to 29℃ over 60 minutes gradually. The subjects kept the sitting position. Measurement items were rectal temperature (Tr), skin temperature and subjective sensations. We determined atugari and samugari according to the subjective sensations during exposure. The main results were as follows. 1) The order of values of Tr and mean skin temperature was L・E>F・E>L・M>F・M. 2) The theromoregulatry responses were more influenced by circadian rhythm than menstrual cycle. 3) The order of skin temperature of hand and foot was E<M. 4) Atugari had a tendency to feel warm in the peripheral area and to feel cool in the body stem area than samugari.
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Kazuhiko YAMASAKI, Kayoko NOJIRI, Yoko SATO, Keita ISHIBASHI, Shigekaz ...
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages
21-28
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The purposes of the present study were to observe the thermoregulatory responses from view points of sex difference, seasonal difference between winter and summer, and susceptibility to the heat (atugari) and the cold (samugari). The subjects were 13 females (20.5±0.5yrs, 159.2±6.4cm, 52.1±6.9kg) and 16 males (20.8±1.6yrs, 172.8±4.5cm, 61.6±6.3kg). They put on shorts or underpants, T-shirts and short pants. In the evening, the climatic chamber was controlled at 24℃ RH50%, the temperature increased to 29℃ over 60 minutes gradually. The subjects kept the sitting position. Measurement items were oral temperature, skin temperature, body weight, heart rate, blood pressure and subjective sensations. We determined atugari and samugari according to the subjective sensations of whole body during exposure. The main results were as follows. (1) The classification of atugari and samugari by self judgment did not always agree with the results of exposure experiments, (2) The skin temperatures were winter > summer in the body stem area and winter < summer in the peripheral area in male and female. (3) The skin temperatures were male < female in the body stem area and male > female in the limbs area. (4) Males felt warm in winter than in summer, and they felt warm than females in winter. (5) The values of subjective sensation were atugari > samugari generally. We guessed that the evening exposure produced these phenomena.
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Takanori NOGUCHI, Shin-ichi DEMURA, Masakatsu NAKADA, Tamotsu KITABAYA ...
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages
29-34
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This study aimed to compare the accuracy of measurement values of subcutaneous fat thickness by two kinds of ultrasound measurement devices with different precision. Subjects were 48 healthy young males (age 20.6±1.4 years, height 173.2±5.2cm, weight 67.6±7.7kg) and 33 healthy young females (age 20.0±1.4 years, height 161.6±5.7cm, weight 56.3±4.9kg). Subcutaneous fat thickness on seventeen sites was measured twice across the entire body using two types of devices (ALOKA: SSD-900 and ELK: EU-2002B). The former has higher precision than the latter. Trial-to-trial reliabilities of measurement values by ALOKA and ELK devices were very high at over 0.81. No significant differences were found between their measurement values. Significant high correlations (r>0.70) were found in the following 11 items; chest, side of chest, abdominal, suprailiac, anterior region of thigh, triceps, subscapular, posterior region of thigh, biceps, outside of thigh, and inside of thigh. Significant moderate correlations (r=0.40-0.70) were found in the following eight items; zygomatic region, tongue bone region, patella region, lower thigh, upper part of back, and under part of back. No significant sex differences were found in any item. In summary, there were no significant differences between measurement values by ALOKA and ELK devices. We can measure 10 of 11 items, except the subscapular, which show a high correlation, with the same accuracy using the ELK device as the ALOKA device.
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Hitomi MATSUDA, Motoka MASUDA, Yumi HASHIZUME
Article type: Article
2006 Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages
35-42
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The purpose of present study was to clarify the factors was relevant to hand washing of the nursing person in elderly people institution. The following five factors were extracted based on the results of the multivariable analysis of a questionnaire; 1) identifying the need for judging the effect of disinfection, 2) certain occasions of hand washing, 3) eagerness of learning technique of hand washing, 4) consciousness of the responsibility of hand washing, and 5) acquired techniques of hand washing. As the results, nursing person of short employment practiced hand washing significantly effective and their consciousness of the responsibility of hand washing was significantly stronger than nursing person of long employment. Implication for technical nursing education were discussed as promoting the "consciousness of the responsibility of hand washing" for preventing infection was the most important issue, and "acquired techniques of hand washing", or "identifying the need forjudging the effect of disinfection" were important secondly.
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Article type: Appendix
2006 Volume 11 Issue 1 Pages
43-44
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