The theoretical aspect of physiological anthropology has been remarkably developed by the birth of the five keywords and the discussion on them. The methodology of physiological anthropology is to understand the human nature through the processes of individual biology and population biology as anthropology. Physiological anthropology can be defined as the science of humans in daily life. Aiming to understand human nature as a pure science is also sending universal information of humans to applied fields simultaneously.

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Skin blood vessels will dilate and constrict with changes in peripheral temperature. Cold-induced vasodilation (CIVD) in the finger tips occurs after the onset of local cold exposure in the extremities, and CIVD is followed by a phase of vasoconstriction. However, the mechanism of CIVD is still not clear. This paper introduces one example of multi-measurement of CIVD. Wavelet analysis of blood flow has previously revealedvarious peaks in the power spectrum corresponding to specific origins. Thus our group used wavelet transform analysis to identify factors affecting CIVD, and also investigated endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation under cold conditions.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the perception of visual motion stimulation in the peripheral vision during eye fixation. Fourteen subjects participated in the study, and they were instructed to observe twelve white circles in their peripheral vision. The subjects were asked which circle wasvibrating. These results showed that rods cells adjusted to vibrations that were slower than 1 Hz, and that the vibration frequencies that humans can perceive in their peripheral vision depends on critical flicker fusion values. Moreover, these results suggested that the lower visual field was better able to perceive low-frequency stimulations.

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We evaluated the effects of ingestion of lactosucrose on the defecation in 15 late elderly residents in a nursing home. The experimental duration was 3 weeks, which was consisting of before-administration period (1 week), administration period (1 week) and after-administration period (1 week). Subjects took 100 ml green tea containing 7.2g of lactosucrose before dinner every day for 1 week in the administration period. In the results, the subjects' feces softened significantly in the administration period compared to those in the before-administration period. In addition, the feces' odor became worse in administration period than in the before-administration period. While, there was no significant difference in the defecation frequency and in the frequency of laxative administration among the three experimental periods. These results indicated that the effect of ingestion of lactosucrose on the defecation of late elderly residents in a nursing home is limited compared to that for the younger subjects.

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The aim of this study was to ascertain how phonation affects the weight-bearing index, (WBI), which was obtained by dividing the knee extensor strength by body weight. Phonation was in the form of shouting, and in certain instances white noise (WN) was used to mask hearing during phonation. The WBI and level of phonation were measured in 12 healthy participants (average age: 31 years, range: 21-39 years) under 4 different conditions: no phonation, maximum phonation, WN masking, and maximum phonation plus WN masking. Results revealed that there was no interaction between performing or not performing phonation and whether or not WN masking was used. A main effect was noted when phonation was performed or not. When phonation was performed with WN masking, the intensity of phonation increased significantly in comparison to when phonation was performed without WN masking.

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