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Article type: Cover
2001 Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages
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Published: August 25, 2001
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Article type: Appendix
2001 Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages
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Hashimoto S
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages
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Takaya KOJIMA
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages
3-8
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In this paper, conbined use of the qualitative and quantitative research and analysis on environmental evaluation is discussed. Although quantitative research is effective in searching for hypotheses, it is a problem that results are influenced by an analysis person's subjectivity. Thus, the following techniques are proposed in this paper. 1) The method of conbined use of "evaluation glid method" and "graphical modeling". 2) The method of research and analysis, using "individual scales". 3) The method of analysis on personalized grouping data. These techniques enable exploratry search for hypothesis more rationally (in way which cannot be easily influenced by an analysis person's subjectivity).
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Keiko MURO
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages
9-16
Published: August 25, 2001
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The purpose of this study is to propose and assess a method to reflect psychological evaluations precisely. The proposed method principally aims to dissolve the incongruity of evaluative words with regard to subjects and objects. In a questionnaire, the evaluative words which are used in inner speech are shown allinclusively and independently in order to reflect the individuals' evaluating viewpoint on the surroundings. Subjects reply to questions by choosing the words which are equivalent to their feelings or sensations. The meaning of each word and the relationship among the words are derived from the questionnaire results. Two kinds of experiments where subjects were exposed to the controlled air temperatures. Thermal evaluation using the ASHRAE scale and the word-choice method were compared. As a results, it was revealed that the word-choice method was a valid way to grasp the difference of psychological evaluations.
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Rikuo MURAMATSU
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages
17-23
Published: August 25, 2001
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This study has evaluated the lighting environments in offices, including the trade-offs between various attributes. Conjoint analysis, common in the field of market research, was used to evaluate these trade-offs. The attributes were illuminance, light distribution, glare, design, cost, usage of natural lighting, and recycling. Consequently, part-worth utilities and attribute importance for all subjects showed the general characteristics of office lighting preferences. Moreover, comparison of different groups of subjects according to attribute importance or the subjects' characteristics suggested valuable methods for understanding office-lighting preferences in depth.
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Masaki TAKAHASHI
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages
25-30
Published: August 25, 2001
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This paper is composed of the following three contents. First, the outline of the history of the environmental evaluation research in architectural study is explained. Secondly, the Post Occupancy Evaluation Method-House is introduced. As for this evaluation method, the process of developing the method is explained. Lastly, the problem in the environmental evaluation research in the future is described.
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Shusa HASHIMOTO
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages
31-37
Published: August 25, 2001
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Recently, office renovations have been increasing in Japan. To aid in office renovations design, integrated architectural design and planning methods have been studied. This paper introduces a new method of the evaluation for indoor environments and proposing of measures for improving them. The "Behavioral-scientific Indoor Evaluation Method" was developed to aid in office renovations design. This method consists of three investigative procedures. The first is the Questionnaire or interview survey of office workers and managers. The second is the Physical environment survey. The third is the Evaluation by architectural functional quality matrix. This paper introduces the concept of the method and reports on application exsamples obtained from some office buildings in Tokyo.
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Kaori HORIGUCHI
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages
39-44
Published: August 25, 2001
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The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate "JFMA Facility Evaluation Method 2001". This method is one of workplace evaluations that have been developed by JFMA (Japan Facility Management Promotion Association). It is built from two parts. One is measuring area of workplace, humidity, temperature, etc. Another part is Post Occupancy Evaluation. From these two methods, facility managers know their workplaces quality and make their facility better.
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Hidenori ASAI, Kouichirou FUJIMOTO, Tetsuro OGAKI
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages
45-54
Published: August 25, 2001
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The effect of resistance training for five months was examined. Middle-aged and elderly women without an exercise habit were divided into a resistance training group (RT group), an aerobic training group (AE group), and a control group (CNT group). A questionnaire survey examined QOL, and physical characteristics, bone mineral density and physical fitness were measured before and after the intervention period. A significant improvement in the RT group was seen in regard to subjective health degree, everyday feeling, human relation and life satisfaction degree. The subjective health degree increased significantly in the AE group, while no change was seen in the CNT group in regard to all iteme. Knee extension strength, knee flexion strength, plantar flexion strength, and stepping improved significantly in the RT group. It was suggested that resistance training that could be carried out easily to allow the physical fitness of middle-aged and elderly women improve prartially, and that it an available method of improving psychological items such as subjective health and degree of life satisfaction.
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Koji KASHIHARA, Yoshibumi NAKAHARA
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages
55-62
Published: August 25, 2001
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The effects of moderate exercise between performing tasks on a word processor on task efficiency were investigated. The exercise was performed using a bicycle ergometer and the duration of exercise was 10 minutes. Two load strengths were used for moderate exercise : One was the strength at which a subject felt the most comfortable and the other was the estimated lactate threshold (LT) strength. Mean of comfortable strength was 50.0±20.8W and that of LT strength was 82.9±12.5W. The task performed on the word processor was to input a Japanese sentence for 10 minutes. The time to complete one sentence shown on the display was defined as "the completion time". "The completion time" was divided into "the input time", the time required to input words, and "the selection", the time required to select the correct kanji from the list. Moderate exercise had a good effect on the completion time, the completion time for both exercise conditions decreased compared to no exercise. On analysis we found that the completion time decreased because input time decreased.
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Hiroko KAWACHI, Ritsuko ISHIMOTO, Hiroko TAKEUCHI, Akira YASUKOUCHI
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages
63-70
Published: August 25, 2001
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The focus of this reseach is to measure the degree of changes observed in torso measurements upon movement of the body as a basis for improvement in the design of the Tsumeeri Uniform. The upper bodies of six adult males of average physique provided modeling and were sectioned using surgical tape. The results are as follows. 1) The standard deviation of the average torso measurements of the six models showed the largest point to be the outer portions of the back. 2) The section of the shoulder from the base of the neck to the point of acromion did not expand. Nol and No2 sections contracted by a maximum of 60%. No25 and No28 contracted by a maximum of 35%. 3) The horizontally divided sections of the chest and abdomenal areas of both front and back torso expanded somewhat while the upper back expanded by a maximum of 30%. There was large deviation observed in the vertical sections of both front and back along the outer portions of the torso, particularly in the expanded back portions. Overall body movements showed great expansion. 4) The largest expansion of any section was the outer portion of the back by a maximum of 57%. The most contracted portion was in the shoulder area. No8 contracted approximately 27%. There results provide basic data for improvement in the design of the shoulder and overall pattern design of the Tsumeeri Uniform.
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Kaoru INOUE, Asuka WATANABE, Tadayoshi ASAKA, Hiroshi SAITO, Satoshi K ...
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages
71-76
Published: August 25, 2001
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Fractures in the elderly occur mostly as a consequence of a fall, and are represented by the reduction of the bone strength. Principal sites of fracture are the proximal femur and the spine. A useful parameter in the study of the mechanism of fracture is the factor of risk, being defined as the ratio of the applied load on the skeletal element to the failure load of the bone itself. The failure load of the proximal femur is strongly correlated with bone density, and is influenced by the direction and frequency of the load and the rate of strain. High risk of bone fracture in the elderly is due to low bone density of the femur and spine. The risk of fracture of vertebrae is largely dependent on the strength of the trabecular bone. Fall severity from standing height can be reduced by soft tissue overlying the impact site as a cushion, and by protective mechanisms such as outstretching the arm, rotation of the trunk and muscle-relax. A dominant factor in susceptibility to pathological fracture is metastatic defect. Two biomechanical models are available to estimate the strength of bone exhibiting metastatic defect. First, the failure load may be estimated from the relationship between the size of defects and the reduction of bone strength. Second, the failure load may be predicted by the measurement of the structural geometry of an intact region of the bone using noninvasive imaging, even if the bone displays metastatic defects.
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages
77-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages
77-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages
77-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages
77-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages
77-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages
77-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages
77-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages
77-78
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Article type: Article
2001 Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages
78-
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Article type: Article
2001 Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages
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Article type: Article
2001 Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages
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Article type: Article
2001 Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages
78-
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Article type: Article
2001 Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages
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Article type: Article
2001 Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages
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Article type: Article
2001 Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages
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Article type: Article
2001 Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages
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Article type: Article
2001 Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages
78-79
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Article type: Article
2001 Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages
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Article type: Article
2001 Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages
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Article type: Article
2001 Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages
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Article type: Article
2001 Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages
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Article type: Article
2001 Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages
79-
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Article type: Article
2001 Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages
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Article type: Article
2001 Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages
79-
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Article type: Article
2001 Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages
79-80
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Article type: Article
2001 Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages
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Article type: Article
2001 Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages
80-
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Article type: Article
2001 Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages
80-
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Article type: Article
2001 Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages
80-
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Article type: Article
2001 Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages
80-
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Article type: Article
2001 Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages
80-
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Article type: Article
2001 Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages
80-
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Article type: Article
2001 Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages
80-
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[in Japanese]
Article type: Article
2001 Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages
80-81
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Article type: Article
2001 Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages
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Article type: Article
2001 Volume 6 Issue 3 Pages
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