Bone mass of distal radius and the first metatalsal bone of the 51 patients with spinal cord injury was estimated by bone mineral analizer.
The bone mineral content of lower radius showed no significant diffirence between the normals and the spinal cord injured including of the cervical cord injured. Bone mineral content of the first metatalsal bone had been decreasing, but it ceased in about 3 years after injury.

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Oxygen consumption during arm ergometry with symmetrical or reciprocal pattern of the bilateral arms was measured in 10 healthy male subjects aged from 68 to 85 years. Oxygen consumption during the movement with reciprocal pattern was low, and both gross and net efficiency were high, compared to that with symmetrical pattern. The results were interpreted as reflecting a difference of trunkal sway during the movements.

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With use of a specially made spring-type hand-held dynamometer, maximal isometric strength was measured in 626 healthy persons between 11 and 79 years of age. Measurements were taken at the ankle, with the subject supine, for leg abduction, single straight-leg raising, and double straight-leg raising. Physical dimensions of the subjects were standard in terms of body weight and Kaup's index.
Among both men and women, greatest strength was seen among subjects in their late teens and in their twenties. Girls at 14 years of age were already closely approaching the peak values for women, and strength among the women declined very little up through the fourth decade. Men manifested more of a regular decrement in strength after the peack. Men in their sixties could produce only about 50 per cent of the peak strength of men for each of the three tasks, whereas women in their sixties reached about 70 per cent of the corresponding peak values of women. Differences according to sex were seen throughout except at 11 years of age. Sex difference was greatest during the peak years, when the men were twice as strong as the women in each of the three tasks.

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The typical values of temporal distance factors and ground reaction force patterns of 128 normal adults during level walking are reported.
The distance, temporal and force data from the subjects were normalized to body height, walking cycle and body weight respectably. Moreover, the ground reaction force curves were averaged during each component period of stance phases; two double stance phases and a single stance phase, to establish the typical patterns. By this averaging method, the mean force pattern of both sides during walking cycle, including double stance phase, can be displayed at the same time.
The effects of age were analyzed. It was evident that the walking activity declined rapidly with increased age from 60 years. The older subjects showed slower velocities which resulted from shorter step length and less cadence, whereas the broader step width. It was found that the step length was more significant factor than the cadence in the walking speed. Every duration of the temporal components of walking cycle increased with age. Mainly the increase of the double stance phase period elongated the entire stance phase and diminished the cadence. The form of vertical force of the younger subjects tended to have two higher peaks and a lower valley. The difference between the top of the peaks and the bottom of the valley significantly decreased with age. The amplitude of the fore-aft forces also decreased, however the lateral forces showed consistency among all age groups analyzed. In particular, the two peak values of the fore-aft force; the acceleration and the deceleration component, closely correlate with the step length.
Furthermore, the differences between the two sexes were investigated. Both step length and step width of women were less than those of men. The difference in step length depended on it in body height. Women showed the higher cadence but the slightly slower velocity. The durations of the entire stance phase and the single stance phase of women were shorter. However, the normalized periods against the walking cycle agreed well between the two sexes. Almost all the peaks of the ground reaction forces of women were smaller than that of men.
The present results in normal walking can certainly be used as a common reference for comparison.

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A measurement of functional communication ability in daily life called the ‘CADL’ has been developed and standerdized in Japan in cooperation with A. Holland of the University of Pittsburgh. The characteristics of this test lie in 1) the selection of test items in which the actual communication activities are sampled with considerations for extralinguistic context, and 2) the scoring system in which functionality is credited regardless of the response forms.
Two hundred aphasic subjects and 40 normal subjects were tested with the CADL and the following results were obtained.
1) The validity of the CADL was tested first, by calculating the correlation coefficient between the CADL and the family questionnaire scores which reflected the aphasics' actual communication behavior at home, and second, by calculating the correlation coefficient between the CADL and the traditional aphasia test scores. Both yielded high correlation coefficient of 0.73 and 0.88 respectively, thus confirming the validity of the CADL.
2) The reliability of the CADL was confirmed by the high intertester reliability coefficient of 0.97, test-retest reliability coefficient of 0.96 and coefficient alpha of 0.94.
3) Consistently superior performance by normal subjects as well as a systematic drop in the CADL scores among the aphasic groups as a function of age was revealed. Our findings on the Japanese CADL as well as those from the US version indicate that functional communication tends to be more severely impaired in older than in younger aphasics.
4) A functional classification system based upon the total CADL score was proposed and proved to be a valid indicator of the level of aphasics' functional communication abilities in daily life.
5) The results of close analysis of the relationship between the CADL and the traditional aphasia test revealed that while the traditional aphasia test reflected linguistic impairment, the CADL reflected functional communication abilities.

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[in Japanese]

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[in Japanese]

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