We have made the treatment and investigation on the six younger children amputees; five being by congenital malformation associated with thalidomide and one by a surgical shoulder disarticulation.
From our experience, we take several considerations in prosthetic trainning of these children as follows.
1) It is essential to keep in mind that the child is different than the adult, especially in social and physical factor.
2) Prosthetic trainning should be started as early as possible and also be programed according to the intelligence and body development of individual.
3) The involved limb should be activated on the applied prosthesis by the intensive functional trainning. In most cases surgery is not indicated before puberty.
4) The function of involved limb should be evaluated in details from the view point of functional surgery and the standard prosthesis must be improved upon individual cases.
5) The younger children are trained practically by manupulating the child's body so that the terminal device will be opened with verbal instruction at the same time.
6) Following discharge from the trainning program, regular follow-up is scheduled at intervals of more than 4 times in a year, and the readmission is required, if it is indicated for the child to add the new prosthetic function.

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In order to recover the functions of oral cavity, protheses were prepared in two cases whose palates had been extirpated because of maxillary cancer.
The articulatory performances of these two cases were investi gated by means of speech articulation test, analysis of confusion matrix and polygraphic examination.
In this study it was demonstrated quantitatively that these speech aids acted very effectively. And, at the same time, following results were obtained;
1) In the cases who had defect in soft palate, some relationship was observed between the rate of nasal air leakage and the record of articulatory test.
2) The sounds which obtained higher intraoral pressure with speech aid, were pronounced more accurately than before.
3) The patterns of articulatory disorder and the mode of recovery in the case whose posterior margin of soft palate was defected differed from that of the case with uninvolved soft palate.
4) In the former case whose posterior part of soft palate was not involved phonated plosives and fricatives, the more anterior were the articulating points, the more was the nasal air leakage and the lower was the rate of articulatory test. These sounds were pronounced more accurately by use of the speech aid.
5) In the pronunciation of voiceless plosives in the latter case, whose posterior margin of soft palate was involved, the more posterior were the articulating points, the more was the nasal air leakage and the lower was the rate of the articulatory test. In voiced plosives, the more anterior were the articulating points, the less better was the articulation test. In this case, some sounds were not pronounced even with the speech aid.

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