Twenty-eight dogs with various malignant tumors were treated with postoperative adjuvant low-dose oral metronomic cyclophosphamide (LDM-C) at a dose of 10–35 mg/m² in combination with oral piroxicam at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg every other day. The effects of the treatment on tumor recurrence, metastasis, and patient survival were investigated. The incidence of sterile hemorrhagic cystitis (SHC) characterized by hematuria and bladder inflammation during LDM-C treatment was also evaluated. Although LDM-C had antitumor effects on several tumors (including splenic hemangiosarcoma and transitional cell carcinoma) that were similar to the effects of conventional treatments, the overall antitumor effect of LDM-C as postoperative adjunctive therapy was unclear. Complete surgical resection of tumor tissue with clear surgical margins seemed to be the most important factor in achieving a good outcome. SHC was observed in three of 26 dogs (11.5%) (excluding two dogs with bladder transitional cell carcinoma), but it remains unclear whether the occurrence of SHC was related to the dosage and duration of LDM-C. As one dog with the highest LDM-C dose developed severe SHC, the dose may an important factor affecting the development of SHC.

An 11-year-old Labrador retriever presented with loss of appetite, lack of activity, and hematuria for 1 week. The dog had undergone splenectomy because of rupture of splenic nodular hyperplasia 4 years ago. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed several masses of unknown origin in the abdominal cavity. The dog also had systemic inflammatory response syndrome, possibly due to cancerous or purulent peritonitis. An exploratory laparotomy was performed immediately, and revealed multiple masses on the greater omentum and the abdominal wall, accompanied by purulent inflammation. Most of the masses were surgically removed, and all surgical specimens were histologically diagnosed as ectopic spleen. The purulent peritonitis was considered more likely to be associated with urogenital infection rather than the ectopic splenic masses; the ectopic splenic masses were likely to be incidental, and might have been caused by the past rupture of splenic nodular hyperplasia. The possibility of ectopic splenic masses should be considered in patients with abdominal masses of unknown origin, especially those with a history of splenic rupture.

Subcutaneous ureteral bypass (SUB) is a standard treatment for feline ureteral obstruction, but is usually performed under fluoroscopic guidance. We examined the treatment results, complications, and long-term outcome of SUB placed under ultrasound guidance and intraoperative radiography, without fluoroscopic guidance, in 13 cats. As reported in previous studies, the increased BUN and creatinine values improved after SUB placement under ultrasonic guidance, and the general condition of the cats improved. The postoperative infection rate was slightly higher in the present study than in previous studies; however, the long-term outcome was favorable, and SUB placement under ultrasound guidance for ureteral obstruction in cats was considered effective. As a sub-study on the prevention of SUB catheter obstruction, we examined the relationship between dietary content change and urine specific gravity, but did not obtain clear results because of the limited number of cases. Further study is necessary to clarify this issue.