Destruction of thiamine by sulfurous acid was studied in order to compare with the destruction of thiamine by thiamine-destructive enzyme.
In this case, influences exerted by the addition of various amines were also investigated.

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The authors investigated by paper partition chromatography the crude riboflavin obtained from the broth of submerged culture of Eremothecium ashbyii and found that it contained small quantities of flavin adenine dinucleotide and mononucleotide. The former does not seem to come out into the culture medium until it is decomposed to riboflavin because it is firmly retained in the mycelium despite of its solubility. Therefore, at a proper stage of the culture the mycelium was separated and extracted with pyridine-methanol. Flavin adenine dinucleotide was isolated from the extract and purified by column partition chromatography using starch as a supporter or by a chemical process, riboflavin being removed with benzyl alcohol. The flavin adenine dinucleotide thus obtained was hydrolyzed with hydrochloric acid into flavin mononucleotide and riboflavin, and the activity of the dinucleotide was also confirmed by enzymatic estimation according to the method of Warburg and Christian.

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The mycelium obtained by the culture of Eremothecium ashbyii was found to be a suitable material for preparing FAD. Purification of FAD has so far been effected through its silver or barium salt by many workers. In the present study, however, it was found that the purification is effectively achieved by repeating the process of reducing crude FAD with sodium hydrosulfite and recovering by aeration, as in the purification of riboflavin. The yield was ca. 600mg from 6kg of pressed mycelium, and this is far superior to those hitherto reported to have obtained from animal organs or yeast. Purity of the product was estimated from its absorption spectrum. Since the extinction ratio (E_260mμ/E_450mμ) of the product was found to be 3.28, its purity was calculated from E450mμ to be 81.5%. The product, 10mg, was hydrolyzed by heating with 1.0ml of N/10 hydrochloric acid at 100° for one hour, and an examination by PPC of the product detected FAD, FMN, adenosine and AMP, but with the product of 4-hour hydrolysis, FAD, FMN, riboflavin and adenosine were detected. Paper ionophoresis of the latter product detected FAD, FMN, adenosine and AMP. In both cases adenine was not detected. The coenzymic activity of the product was found to be in accord with that given by Warburg et al.

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In order to estimate the amounts of VC excreted in the urine after administering ArAA to VC deficient subjects, the method of Nagayama was adopted with satisfactory results.
A comparison was made between the amounts of the reduced VC excreted in the urine after administering ArAA and AA, respectively, to VC deficient subjects and it was revealed that the rate of excretion of reduced ArAA was very high and reached about ten to fifteen times as high as that of AA.
The result of measuring the total VC has equally revealed that, after loading with AA only, about 5% of the amount loaded was excreted, whereas after administering ArAA, more than 50% of the amount loaded was excreted in the urine in 6 hours. This indicates that ArAA, not only its reduced form, but also the total VC, is excreted in the urine at a far higher rate than AA. It may be concluded that the duration of fixation and the amount preserved within the human body in VC deficiency are extremely small, and consequently that its anti-scorbutic activity in the VC dificient human body is trifling compared with that of AA.

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On “kaeruzame”, Heteroscymnus longus Tanaka, the vitamin A content of the liver, eye, flesh and other organs, as well as the characteristics of the liver oil and its unsaponifiable matter, were determined and given in tables.
1. The liver consists of about 10.7-17.9% of the body weight. The oil content of the liver is 62.5-80.5%, and the vitamin A content of the liver oil is 2, 990-16, 700IU/g.
2. The vitamin A contents of the kidney, pancreas, spleen, egg and eye are similar to those of common surface sharks.
3. The oil content of the flesh is 15.8-23.1%, the vitamin A content of the oil of common flesh, 510-1, 550IU/g and that of the oil of the dark flesh, 320-856IU/g. The oil of the flesh contains about 10% of the unsaponifiable matter but no squalene.
4. The vitamin A content in the flesh is 9, 120-26, 800IU/100g, the highest vitamin value of the fish flesh that has ever been known. The vitamin A content in the dark flesh is 5, 750-17, 000IU/100g.
5. Total vitamin A, both in the liver and in the flesh, have been calculated and the latter was found to contain vitamin A in the proportion of 5-7% of the former.
The species is a very remarkable one as it accumulates vitamin A mostly in the liver, and yet maintains a high content of vitamin A in the flesh, nearly as high as that of the lamprey.

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Some phenol derivatives and quinonoid compounds have been found to decompose thiamine similarly as plant SF. The reaction conditions are likewise the same. They can be assumed to be models of plant SF.

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It is well known that both lumiflavin and lumichrome are included in the photolysates of riboflavin. Besides these two photodecomposition products, 6, 7-dimethylflavin-9-acetic acid was also proved to be formed directly from riboflavin, by isolating the product as methyl and ethyl esters.

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The isolation of vitamin B₁₂ from trichomycin fermentations has been described. The steps include adsorption on charcoal followed by elution, extraction with phenol-butanol, and chromatographic separation on Amberlite IRC-50 with 0.1N hydrochloric acid in 75% acetone. The eluate is passed through a column of Amberlite IR-4B to remove hydrochloric acid and finally crystallized as red needles from aqueous acetone.
The counter-current distribution procedure is applied to the concentrated eluate of charcoal adsorbate for the determination of B₁₂, B_12b and B₁₂-like materials. The crystals obtained by two procedures, with and without KCN treatment, are both found to be vitamin B₁₂, and their ultraviolet and visible adsorption spectra, counter-current distribution curve are presented.

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1. A dialectal name “Shibi-Gatchaki” represents a syndrome, which is very commonly found among the inhabitants of Tsugaru district of Aomori Prefecture.
2. This syndrome can probably be ascribed to a chronic malnutrition, especially a deficiency in vitamin B₂ complex, without serious detriment to labour, reproduction and growth. It is characterized by pellagrous skin lesions, ariboflavinotic signs, and a distressing itching of anal and genital regions.
3. The fact that such a special term “Shibi-Gatchaki”, has been given to the syndrome in question by the inhabitants of this district, suggests that this syndrome is endemic to this area, and has been existed for a considerable period of time in this area.
4. The chief cause was found to be due to a nutritional deficiency, by ingesting a monotonous and inadequate diet based on an one-sided overeating habit of polished rice with insufficient ingesting of essential nutrients.

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